Impact of Family Functioning and Violence on Adults' and Children's Oral Health

口腔健康是整体健康的重要组成部分（例如，Tabak，2008年;美国卫生部和 人类服务[USDHHS]，2000年a），是美国政府2010年健康人28个重点领域之一 公共卫生战略（USDHHS，2000 b）。口腔疾病是人类最常见的慢性疾病 （Sheiham，2005年），其中龋齿-传染性和传播性-是最普遍的（USDHHS， 2000年b）。尽管龋齿广泛发生，但控制龋齿的努力--特别是在不同种族、社会、 和经济人口-继续逃避临床医生。 研究清楚地表明，夫妻冲突对免疫和内分泌系统有深远的影响。 成人和儿童。同样，养育问题也是长期的情感和行为压力源， 成年人和儿童，伴随着与慢性唤醒相关的严重健康影响（例如，凯科尔特-格拉泽 McGuire，Robles，& Glaser，2002）.我们假设，相同的机制，导致影响一般 健康也对口腔健康产生特定影响。 我们建议收集额外的数据（包括儿童和成人口腔健康的家长报告， 400个有幼儿（现在4-11岁）的家庭，他们已经 在一项家庭研究中完成了两波评估（NICHD授权R 01 HD 046901）。最初旨在 研究家庭暴力暴露对儿童和成人的影响，该数据集包括家庭和 个别潜在的调解人和主持人和一系列的健康和功能的结果，但不是口服 健康信息 这个项目有以下具体目标：#1：通过建立效应来测试第一个假设的途径 （a）家庭功能;（B）儿童和成人口腔健康行为; [和（c）测试是否 父母的口腔健康行为的社会化介导了儿童的这些关联。#2：测试第二个 通过建立（a）家庭功能和（B）儿童之间关系的效应量， 和成人口腔健康结果。测试家庭功能行为的直接影响，以及这些行为是否 影响是由口腔健康行为[和儿童这些行为的社会化]介导的。#3：应用 一个温和的框架，以确定是什么使家庭功能有时预测口腔健康和其他 如果不是，我们可以更具体地确定在什么条件下家庭功能的哪些方面， 预测儿童或成人口腔健康结果。#4：确定在多大程度上暴力暴露的影响， 家庭对口腔健康的影响是由（a）非虐待性的夫妻冲突，（B）不称职的父母，或（c）两者兼而有之。【五： 纵向检验目标1 - 4的假设，以预测口腔健康的变化。

Oral health is an important component of overall health (e.g., Tabak, 2008; U.S. Department of Health and Human Services [USDHHS], 2000a) and is one of 28 focus areas in U.S. Government's Healthy People 2010 public health strategy (USDHHS, 2000b). Oral diseases are the most common human chronic diseases (Sheiham, 2005), with dental caries - both infectious and transmissible -being the most prevalent (USDHHS, 2000b). Despite its widespread occurrence, efforts to control caries - especially among diverse ethnic, social, and economic populations - continue to elude clinicians. Research clearly documents that couples conflict has profound effects on the immune and endocrine systems of adults and children. Likewise, parenting problems are a chronic emotional and behavioral stressor on both adults and children, with serious attendant health effects related to chronic arousal (e.g., Kiecolt-Glaser, McGuire, Robles, & Glaser, 2002). We hypothesize that the same mechanisms that result in effects on general health also result in specific effects on oral health. We propose to collect an additional wave of data (including parent reports of child and adult oral health and related behaviors) on a sample of 400 families with young children (now 4-11 years old) who have already completed two waves of assessments in a family study (NICHD grant R01 HD046901). Originally designed to examine the effects of family violence exposure on children and adults, that data set includes family and individual potential mediators and moderators and a range of health and functioning outcomes, but not oral health information. This project has the following specific aims: #1: Test the first hypothesized pathway by establishing the effect sizes of relations between (a) family functioning;(b) child and adult oral health behaviors; [and (c) test whether parental socialization of oral health behaviors mediates these associations in children.] #2: Test the second hypothesized pathway by establishing the effect sizes of relations between (a) family functioning and (b) child and adult oral health outcomes. Test both the direct effects of family function behaviors and whether these effects are mediated by oral health behaviors [and socialization of these behaviors in children]. #3: By applying a moderational framework to identify what makes family functioning sometimes predict oral health and other times not, we can more specifically determine under what conditions which aspects of family functioning predict child or adult oral health outcomes. #4: Determine the extent to which effects of violence exposure in the family on oral health are mediated by (a) non-abusive couple conflict, (b) inept parenting, or (c) both.[#5: Test the hypotheses of Aims 1 - 4 longitudinally to predict change in oral health.]