Does coercive process play a role in adolescent dating violence?

描述（由申请人提供）：青少年约会暴力是令人震惊的普遍现象，并对公共健康造成重大损失。它表现出很大的稳定性，并可能变得很深， 被成年人牢牢地固定住了鉴于这些困难，预防青少年约会暴力已成为疾病预防控制中心，国家卫生研究院和几位着名调查人员的关注。 我们与几位同事一起，提供了以下一组观察结果，这些观察结果构成了手头的问题和我们认为需要做的研究：（1）“显然，我们才刚刚开始”学习如何预防约会暴力。严格的疗效试验很少，有时产生了有希望的结果，但有时结果好坏参半。我们需要做得更好。(2)约会暴力预防将通过识别可延展的风险因素来加强，这些风险因素可以成为新的干预目标。(3)研究文献中有明确的迹象表明，青少年夫妇的关系动态是约会暴力的重要因素。然而，该领域才刚刚开始了解这些动态是什么。(4)我们相信，发现更多的关系动态，加强约会暴力，最终很可能会导致加强干预，以防止它。因此，我们建议对100对纽约市14至18岁的约会情侣进行一项观察性[纵向]研究，以检验一些青少年情侣可能无意中为对方提供“基本训练”的假设。敌对行为最终导致暴力这一假说源于Gerald Patterson及其同事的开创性工作，该工作显示了这种“强制过程”在解释导致儿童攻击的父母-子女和兄弟姐妹动态方面的力量。虽然有些人假设强制过程在青少年伴侣约会暴力中的作用，但该模型尚未得到直接测试。 为了评估胁迫在青少年约会暴力中的作用，我们打算将我们团队在亲密暴力，夫妻观察和发展方面的专业知识应用于执行以下目标：目标1：测试胁迫模型的基本“基本训练”前提-厌恶和非厌恶行为的发生与其终止冲突的有效性有关。我们假设，更有效地终止冲突的行为将以更高的速度进行。如果厌恶行为比非厌恶行为更有效，那么它将以比例更高的速度执行;反之亦然。目标2：测试强制过程和约会暴力的关联。我们假设，对于厌恶行为比非厌恶行为在终止冲突方面更有效的夫妇来说，暴力行为将会增加[和/或增加]，并且在冲突期间表现出更高的回报率。目标3：确定其他先前确定的风险因素（例如，反社会性，家庭暴力）通过对胁迫的影响来解释约会暴力，或者胁迫是否独立于这些因素的影响来解释约会暴力[水平和/或变化]。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Adolescent dating violence is alarmingly common and exacts a substantial toll on public health. It exhibits substantial stability and may become deeply entrenched by adulthood. Given these difficulties, the prevention of adolescent dating violence has become a concern of the CDC, NIH, and several noted investigators. We, in concert with several colleagues, offer the following set of observations, which frame the problem at hand and the research that we believe needs to be done: (1) "Clearly we've only just begun" to learn how to pre- vent dating violence. Rigorous efficacy trials have been rare and have produced sometimes promising but sometimes mixed results. We need to do better. (2) Dating violence prevention would be enhanced by the identification of malleable risk factors that can become new intervention targets. (3) There are clear indications in the research literature that adolescent couples' relationship dynamics are important factors in dating violence. However, the field is just beginning to understand what those dynamics are. (4) We believe it highly likely that the discovery of additional relationship dynamics that undergird dating violence will ultimately lead to enhanced interventions to prevent it. Accordingly, we are proposing an observational [longitudinal] study of 100 New York City 14- to 18-year- old dating couples in order to test the hypothesis that some adolescent couples may inadvertently provide one another with "basic training" in hostile behavior, ultimately leading to violence. This hypothesis stems from Gerald Patterson and colleagues' groundbreaking work showing the power of such "coercive processes" in explaining parent-child and sibling dynamics that contribute to child aggression. While some have hypothesized the role of coercive process in adolescent couples' dating violence, the model has yet to be directly tested. To evaluate the role of coercion in youth dating violence, we intend to apply our team's expertise in intimate violence, couples observation, and development to the execution of the following aims: Aim 1: Test the fundamental "basic training" premise of the coercion model - that the occurrence of aversive and non-aversive behaviors is tied to their effectiveness in terminating conflict. We hypothesize that behaviors more effective in terminating conflict will be performed at a higher rate. If aversie behavior is more effective than non-aversive behavior, it will be performed at a proportionally higher rate; and vice versa. ¿ Aim 2: Test the association of coercive process and dating violence. We hypothesize that violence will be elevated [and/or increasing] in couples for whom aversive behaviors are proportionally more effective than non-aversive ones in terminating conflict, and show higher rates of reciprocation during conflict. ¿ Aim 3: Determine whether other previously identified risk factors (e.g., anti-sociality, family violence) explain dating violence via their impact on coercion, or whether coercion explains [levels and/or change in] dating violence independent of these factors' influences.