ANGER ESCALATION AND DEESCALATION IN AGGRESSIVE MEN

这个项目的目的是提出并测试一个愤怒模型 有和没有丈夫对妻子的夫妇的升级和降级 攻击性。这种模式融合了社会学习、女权主义和 系统论。假设要维护以下流程 攻击性。关系发生在明目张胆和 微妙的性别歧视。即使大多数好斗的男人不赞成 ，他们可能仍然对不尊重的主题很敏感 他们的妻子。由于技能不足，咄咄逼人的夫妇将有 更难适应基于性别的目标不一致， 导致报复性敌意的频率增加。就像这些 负互惠循环更频繁地发生，而且是负面的 经过加强，它们变得高度可预测和脚本化。评估和 行为变得过度学习，所以它只需要一个微妙的提示就可以 激起了愤怒的洪流。降级缺陷就会让它 一旦愤怒开始，就很难阻止它的涌动。配偶信仰 他们能够解决冲突的能力被侵蚀了，导致他们避免 这些热点问题。不可避免地，这些冲突会重复发生，留下 夫妻双方更没有做好有效处理此类问题的准备。使用 每重复一次，行为就变得越多，强迫就越多 强有力的强化，全球对合作伙伴的看法变得 越来越负面。这一过程为这对夫妇建立了丈夫对- 妻子的攻击性，但通常只会产生言语攻击性 有可能进一步升级。 该模型将通过比较升级和降级进行测试 三组夫妇(每组50对)的过程和技能：非 痛苦/非侵略性、痛苦/非侵略性，以及 苦恼的/好斗的参与者将通过随机方式招募 增加普及性和民族性的数字电话调查 样品的多样性。需要检验的主要假设包括 (1)具有攻击性的男性表现出更高程度的过度学习 愤怒反应，表现为(A)更大程度的愤怒 升级；(B)更快的愤怒升级速度；以及(C)可预测的 评估模式；(2)攻击性男性具有降级技能 赤字，表现为：(A)愤怒程度最高；(B)延长 愤怒时期；(C)缓和局势的尝试减少；以及(D)减少 缓和局势的成功尝试。改善的治疗效果可能 在尝试之前改掉过度养成的愤怒习惯而获得 更多的认知干预。

The purpose of this project is to propose and test a model of anger escalation and de-escalation in couples with and without husband-to-wife aggression. This model integrates social learning, feminist, and systems theories. The following processes are hypothesized to maintain aggression. Relationships occur in the context of both blatant and subtle sexism. Even if the majority of aggressive men do not approve of aggression, they may still be sensitive to themes of disrespect by their wives. Due to skill deficits, aggressive couples will have a harder time navigating gender-based goal incongruence adaptively, leading to increased frequency of reciprocated hostility. As these negative reciprocity cycles occur more frequently, and are negatively reinforced, they become highly predictable and scripted. Appraisals and behaviors become overlearned, so that it only requires a subtle cue to set off a flood of anger. De-escalation deficiencies then make it difficult to stop the rush of anger once it starts. Spouses beliefs that they can resolve conflict become eroded, leading them to avoid these hot issues. Inevitably, these conflicts reoccur, leaving the couple even less prepared to effectively deal with such issues. With each repetition, the behaviors become more overlearned, coercion is more strongly reinforced, and global perceptions of the partner becomes increasingly negative. This process sets up the couple for husband-to- wife aggression, but typically produced only verbal aggression with the potential for further escalation. This model will be tested by comparing the escalation and de-escalation processes and skills of three groups of couples (n=50 per group): non- distressed/non-aggressive, distressed/non-aggressive, and distressed/aggressive. Participants will be recruited through random digit telephone surveying to increase the generalizability and ethnic diversity of the sample. Among the major hypotheses to be tested are (1) aggressive men demonstrate higher degrees of overlearning in their anger responses, as evidenced by (a) greater magnitude of anger escalation; (b) greater speed of anger escalation; and (c) predictable appraisal patterns; and (2) aggressive men have de-escalation skill deficits, as evidenced by (a) higher peak levels of anger; (b) extended periods of anger; (c) fewer attempts at de-escalation; and (d) fewer successful attempts at de-escalation. Improved treatment efficacy may be obtained by breaking the overlearned anger habit before attempting more cognitive interventions.