Informal Social Control of Partner Violence in Drug Users

描述(由申请人提供)： 建议设立一个为期五年的科学家指导职业发展奖(K01)，以确定与亲密伴侣暴力的“非正式社会控制”(即，对受害者的社会支持和社区成员或邻居对肇事者的社会制裁)有关的邻里层面因素，以及当受害者是吸毒者时，这一行动有何不同。基于申请人之前关于吸毒女性亲密伴侣暴力经历的研究，以及邻里层面因素和个人层面态度对亲密伴侣暴力的影响，拟议的研究重点是吸毒女性，她们经历亲密伴侣暴力的比例高得不成比例。职业奖的目标是发展高级技能，使申请者能够回答这样一个问题：“哪些个人和社区层面的因素会影响社区成员‘做一些事情’，以防止亲密伴侣对吸毒妇女的暴力行为？”K01将支持结构化培训、课程作业、一对一教程、密集的指导关系和实证研究。拟议的培训目标是：1)发展社会、生态和污名理论方面的专门知识；2)获得先进的多层次分析技能；3)学习新的定性研究方法--概念图；以及4)在弱势群体和社区环境中获得深入的研究伦理培训。每项培训目标都是通过进行两项相互关联的研究来推进的。在第一项研究中，利用对5000名纽约市居民的随机数字拨号调查数据和人口普查数据，将使用分层线性建模来评估自我报告的亲密伴侣对吸毒女性的暴力行为的非正式社会控制的多层次模型。预测因素包括社区层面的结构性因素，表明社会组织混乱(例如，居住流动性)、社会资本(例如，社会凝聚力)、态度规范和个人对亲密伴侣暴力的态度。在第二项研究中，将使用概念图来探索社区居民认为对亲密伴侣暴力的非正式社会控制至关重要的是什么，以及药物使用如何影响这一过程。拟议研究的结果将确定潜在的干预要点和方法，以加强对亲密伴侣对吸毒妇女的暴力行为的非正式反应，减少与伴侣暴力有关的发病率，如艾滋病毒风险增加、创伤性应激障碍和药物滥用复发。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Proposed is a five-year Mentored Scientist Career Development Award (K01) to identify the neighborhood-level factors associated with the "informal social control" of intimate partner violence (i.e., social support of victims and social sanctions of perpetrators by community members or neighbors) and how this action differs when the victim is a drug user. Building on the applicant's prior research on drug-using women's experiences of intimate partner violence and the impact of neighborhood-level factors and individual-level attitudes on intimate partner violence, the proposed research focuses on drug-using women, who experience disproportionately high rates of intimate partner violence. The goal of the career award is to develop advanced skills enabling the applicant to answer the question: "what individual- and neighborhood-level factors influence a community member to 'do something' to prevent intimate partner violence against a drug using woman?" The K01 will support structured training, course work, one-on-one tutorials, intensive mentored relationships and empirical research. The proposed training goals are: 1) to develop expertise in social ecological and stigma theories; 2) to acquire advanced, multi-level analysis skills; 3) to learn a new qualitative research methodology, concept mapping; and 4) to gain in-depth training in research ethics with vulnerable populations and in community settings. Each training goal is advanced through the conduct of two interrelated studies. In the first study, using data from a random digit-dial survey of 5000 New York City residents and census data, hierarchical linear modeling will be used to assess a multi-level model of self-reported informal social control of intimate partner violence against drug-using women. Predictors include neighborhood-level structural factors indicative of social disorganization (e.g., residential mobility), social capital (e.g., social cohesion), attitudinal norms and individual attitudes towards intimate partner violence. In the second study, concept mapping will be used to explore what neighborhood residents believe to be important to the informal social control of intimate partner violence and how drug use affects this process. Results of the proposed studies will identify potential points and methods of intervention to enhance informal responses to intimate partner violence against drug-using women, reducing the morbidity associated with partner violence, such as increased HIV risk, traumatic stress disorders and relapse to substance abuse.