Informal Social Control of Partner Violence in Drug Users

描述（由申请人提供）： 提议设立一个为期五年的指导科学家职业发展奖（K 01），以确定与亲密伴侣暴力的“非正式社会控制”相关的邻里因素（即，受害者的社会支持和社区成员或邻居对犯罪者的社会制裁），以及当受害者是吸毒者时，这种行动有何不同。根据申请人先前对吸毒妇女遭受亲密伴侣暴力的经历以及邻里因素和个人态度对亲密伴侣暴力的影响的研究，拟议的研究侧重于吸毒妇女，她们遭受亲密伴侣暴力的比例过高。职业奖的目标是发展高级技能，使申请人能够回答以下问题：“哪些个人和社区一级的因素影响社区成员'做点什么'，以防止亲密伴侣对吸毒妇女的暴力？“K 01将支持结构化培训，课程工作，一对一的教程，密集的指导关系和实证研究。拟议的培训目标是：1）发展社会生态和污名理论的专业知识; 2）获得先进的，多层次的分析技能; 3）学习一种新的定性研究方法，概念映射;和4）获得深入的培训研究伦理与弱势群体和社区环境。每一个培训目标都是通过进行两项相互关联的研究来推进的。在第一项研究中，使用的数据从一个随机的数字拨号调查的5000纽约市居民和人口普查数据，分层线性模型将被用来评估一个多层次的模型，自我报告的非正式社会控制的亲密伴侣对吸毒妇女的暴力行为。预测因素包括表明社会解体的邻里水平的结构因素（例如，住宅流动性），社会资本（例如，社会凝聚力）、态度规范和个人对亲密伴侣暴力的态度。在第二项研究中，概念图将被用来探讨社区居民认为是重要的亲密伴侣暴力的非正式社会控制，以及如何使用毒品影响这一过程。拟议研究的结果将确定潜在的干预点和方法，以加强对亲密伴侣暴力侵害吸毒妇女行为的非正式对策，降低与伴侣暴力有关的发病率，如艾滋病毒风险增加、创伤性应激障碍和药物滥用复发。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Proposed is a five-year Mentored Scientist Career Development Award (K01) to identify the neighborhood-level factors associated with the "informal social control" of intimate partner violence (i.e., social support of victims and social sanctions of perpetrators by community members or neighbors) and how this action differs when the victim is a drug user. Building on the applicant's prior research on drug-using women's experiences of intimate partner violence and the impact of neighborhood-level factors and individual-level attitudes on intimate partner violence, the proposed research focuses on drug-using women, who experience disproportionately high rates of intimate partner violence. The goal of the career award is to develop advanced skills enabling the applicant to answer the question: "what individual- and neighborhood-level factors influence a community member to 'do something' to prevent intimate partner violence against a drug using woman?" The K01 will support structured training, course work, one-on-one tutorials, intensive mentored relationships and empirical research. The proposed training goals are: 1) to develop expertise in social ecological and stigma theories; 2) to acquire advanced, multi-level analysis skills; 3) to learn a new qualitative research methodology, concept mapping; and 4) to gain in-depth training in research ethics with vulnerable populations and in community settings. Each training goal is advanced through the conduct of two interrelated studies. In the first study, using data from a random digit-dial survey of 5000 New York City residents and census data, hierarchical linear modeling will be used to assess a multi-level model of self-reported informal social control of intimate partner violence against drug-using women. Predictors include neighborhood-level structural factors indicative of social disorganization (e.g., residential mobility), social capital (e.g., social cohesion), attitudinal norms and individual attitudes towards intimate partner violence. In the second study, concept mapping will be used to explore what neighborhood residents believe to be important to the informal social control of intimate partner violence and how drug use affects this process. Results of the proposed studies will identify potential points and methods of intervention to enhance informal responses to intimate partner violence against drug-using women, reducing the morbidity associated with partner violence, such as increased HIV risk, traumatic stress disorders and relapse to substance abuse.