Arrays for deep brain microstimulation and recording

用于深部脑微刺激和记录的阵列

• 批准号: 7900375
• 负责人: Douglas Buchanan McCreery
• 金额: $ 39万
• 依托单位: HUNTINGTON MEDICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTES
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-08-01 至 2013-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7900375
• 关键词: Accounting; Action Potentials; Adverse effects; Animal Model; Animals; Arts; Brain; Cell Nucleus; Cells; Chronic; Clinical; Clinical Services; Clinical Trials; Deep Brain Stimulation; Devices; Disease; Dystonia; Electric Stimulation; Electrodes; Ensure; Essential Tremor; Felis catus; Film; Gliosis; Globus Pallidus; Goals; Grant; Hour; Human; Implant; Incidence; Inflammatory; Injury; Iridium; Macaca; Mechanics; Microelectrodes; Monkeys; Motor; Movement Disorders; Neurologic; Neurons; Noise; Operative Surgical Procedures; Outcome Measure; Oxides; Parkinson Disease; Pattern; Persons; Phase; Physiologic pulse; Property; Quality of life; Sculpture; Signal Transduction; Silicon; Site; Spatial Distribution; Specific qualifier value; Stimulus; Structure; Structure of subthalamic nucleus; Symptoms; Techniques; Technology; Temporal Lobe Epilepsy; Tissues; base; clinical application; deep brain microstimulation array; deep brain stimulator; design; effective therapy; experience; flexibility; implantation; improved; iridium oxide; microstimulation; motor disorder; neuron loss; new technology; next generation; novel

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Electrical stimulation in deep brain structures (DBS) has developed into an effective treatment for advanced Parkinson's disease and essential tremor. DBS also is being evaluated as a treatment for other neurological conditions and appears to be useful in the treatment of several types of dystonias and hyperkinetic disorders and for intractable temporal lobe epilepsy. The subthalamic nucleus has become the preferred target for the treatment of advanced Parkinson's Disease and certain other motor disorders by DBS. Numerous studies have demonstrated a topographic organization of the STN of many species, including humans. It is likely that a clinical device that can access this topology will afford greater opportunities and flexibility in the treatment of motor disorders than is possible with the deep brain arrays now in clinical use. The present devices use macroelectrodes, and the electrical stimulation tends to spread quite broadly, and may extend well beyond the boundaries of the STN, which may account for many of the side effects that often accompany deep brain stimulation in the STN. An array of stimulating microelectrodes distributed through the target nucleus would permit precise control of the spatial distribution of the stimulation, allowing for better individualization of DBS therapy and a lower incidence of side effects. However, a novel array for clinical DBS must retain all of the functionality of the devices now in clinical use, as well as providing new capabilities. Our objective is develop the technology for arrays of microelectrodes that are suitable for chronic implantation into the human subthalamic nucleus (STN), the internal segment of the globus pallidus, and perhaps other targets in the deep brain, are able to record chronically from single neuronal units, and can deliver localized microstimulation and "sculpted" stimulation with much better control of the spatial pattern of stimulation than is possible with the arrays now in clinical use, but are fully "backward compatible" with the present clinical arrays. In addition to its clinical applicability, this technology can be used in animal studies aimed at understanding the mechanisms by which deep brain stimulation can ameliorate the symptoms of Parkinson's Disease and other movement disorders. This technology will improve quality of life for persons afflicted with Parkinson's Disease and other movement disorders.

描述（由申请人提供）：深部脑结构电刺激（DBS）已发展成为治疗晚期帕金森病和原发性震颤的有效方法。 DBS 还被评估为其他神经系统疾病的治疗方法，似乎可用于治疗几种类型的肌张力障碍和多动性疾病以及顽固性颞叶癫痫。丘脑底核已成为 DBS 治疗晚期帕金森病和某些其他运动障碍的首选靶点。大量研究已经证明了包括人类在内的许多物种的 STN 的地形组织。与目前临床使用的深部脑阵列相比，能够访问这种拓扑的临床设备可能会在运动障碍的治疗方面提供更大的机会和灵活性。目前的设备使用大电极，电刺激往往传播得相当广泛，并且可能远远超出 STN 的边界，这可能是 STN 中深部脑刺激经常伴随的许多副作用的原因。分布在目标核中的刺激微电极阵列将允许精确控制刺激的空间分布，从而实现 DBS 治疗的更好的个体化并降低副作用的发生率。然而，用于临床 DBS 的新型阵列必须保留目前临床使用的设备的所有功能，并提供新功能。我们的目标是开发适合长期植入人类丘脑底核（STN）、苍白球内段以及大脑深部其他目标的微电极阵列技术，能够从单个神经元单位进行长期记录，并且可以提供局部微刺激和“雕刻”刺激，并且比传统的刺激空间模式更好地控制刺激的空间模式。 阵列现已投入临床使用，但与目前的临床阵列完全“向后兼容”。除了临床适用性外，该技术还可用于动物研究，旨在了解深部脑刺激可以改善帕金森病和其他运动障碍症状的机制。这项技术将改善帕金森病和其他运动障碍患者的生活质量。