The Role of Feature Diagnosticity in Semantic Memory

特征诊断在语义记忆中的作用

• 批准号: 7810097
• 负责人: Nina Shen Hsu
• 金额: $ 4.12万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-09-25 至 2012-09-24
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7810097
• 关键词: Affect; Alzheimer' s Disease; Area; Behavioral; Brain; Brain region; Categories; Cognitive; Color; Complement; Data Analyses; Development; Diagnostic; Dimensions; Disease; Exposure to; Familiarity; Frontotemporal Dementia; Goals; Image; Imagery; Impairment; Individual; Individual Differences; Judgment; Knowledge; Learning; Life; Light; Link; Mammals; Maps; Measures; Memory; Modality; Modeling; Names; Nature; Patients; Pattern; Perception; Phase; Play; Property; Qi; Questionnaires; Relative (related person); Reporting; Research; Resolution; Role; Scanning; Semantic Dementias; Semantic memory; Semantics; Sensory; Shapes; Solutions; Structure; Testing; Training; Verbal Learning; Visual; Work; base; cognitive neuroscience; experience; insight; long term memory; man; neuroimaging; neuromechanism; neuropsychological; novel; object recognition; object shape; preference; relating to nervous system; research study; theories

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The ultimate goal of the proposed research is to better understand the neural mechanisms underlying organization and storage of semantic memory. Elucidating the development and organization of semantic memory remains a critical problem in cognitive neuroscience, and various theories attempt to capture the mapping of conceptual representations for everyday objects onto their neural correlates. One prevalent model of semantic memory suggests that distributed object representations correspond to modality-specific sensorimotor brain areas. Numerous behavioral, neuropsychological, and neuroimaging studies have supported this model, but it remains an open question as to how varied sensory experience helps to shape long-term memory of objects. Specifically, feature diagnosticity may play an important role in forming the richness of an object's representational structure. This proposal seeks to investigate the relationship between experience and memory by training subjects on a set of novel objects, thus building controlled representations of the objects. Subjects will either learn a set of objects for which both color and shape are diagnostic, or for which only shape is a diagnostic feature. In Experiment 1,1 will examine behavioral changes in novel object representations through an object recognition task. I will also see how these changes vary as a function of learning style. Experiment 2 offers a direct test (through traditional univariate analyses) for neural correlates of feature diagnosticity by employing neuroimaging (fMRI) to investigate how diagnostic features alter neural representations of learned objects. Here, the extent to which diagnostic features modulate activity in brain regions responsible for perception of these features will be examined. Experiment 3 probes behavioral (multidimensional scaling) and neural (multi-voxel pattern analysis) representations of the similarity space and gradient of the newly learned objects, predicting significant correlations for the two representations in brain regions responsible for perceiving the diagnostic features. This proposal explores the role of feature diagnosticity in interactions of experience and knowledge to both shed light on the neural bases for visual knowledge organization and aid in understanding the nature of semantic knowledge deficits. Deficits in conceptual knowledge are associated with several disorders, including Alzheimer's Disease and Frontotemporal Dementia. A deeper knowledge of the neural bases underlying the organization and storage of conceptual knowledge will allow us to better understand the manifestation of specific conceptual knowledge deficits, which will in turn yield insight in informing patient treatments.

描述（由申请人提供）：本研究的最终目的是为了更好地理解语义记忆组织和存储的神经机制。阐明语义记忆的发展和组织仍然是认知神经科学中的一个关键问题，各种理论试图捕捉日常物体的概念表征到它们的神经关联的映射。一种流行的语义记忆模型表明，分布式对象表征与特定模式的感觉运动脑区相对应。许多行为学、神经心理学和神经影像学研究都支持这一模型，但不同的感官体验如何帮助形成对物体的长期记忆，这仍然是一个悬而未决的问题。具体而言，特征诊断性在形成对象表征结构的丰富性方面可能起着重要作用。这个提议试图通过在一组新物体上训练受试者来研究经验和记忆之间的关系，从而建立对物体的控制表征。受试者要么学习一组颜色和形状都是诊断特征的物体，要么学习一组只有形状是诊断特征的物体。在实验1中，我将通过一个对象识别任务来研究新对象表征的行为变化。我还将看到这些变化是如何随着学习风格的不同而变化的。实验2提供了一个直接的测试（通过传统的单变量分析），通过使用神经成像（fMRI）来研究诊断特征如何改变学习对象的神经表征，从而确定特征诊断的神经相关性。在这里，诊断特征调节负责感知这些特征的大脑区域活动的程度将被检查。实验3探讨了新学习对象相似空间和梯度的行为表征（多维尺度）和神经表征（多体素模式分析），预测了两种表征在负责感知诊断特征的大脑区域中的显著相关性。本研究探讨了特征诊断在经验和知识相互作用中的作用，以阐明视觉知识组织的神经基础，并有助于理解语义知识缺陷的本质。概念知识缺陷与几种疾病有关，包括阿尔茨海默病和额颞叶痴呆。对概念知识组织和存储的神经基础的深入了解将使我们能够更好地理解特定概念知识缺陷的表现，从而为患者治疗提供信息。