Dynamic behavioral and neural effects of cognitive control on language processing

描述（由申请人提供）：认知控制允许个体在处理过程中发现信息源之间的冲突时即时调整思想和行动;因此，它对记忆和语言功能都至关重要（例如，正确识别物体 尽管干扰记忆;从阅读或口语理解期间的暂时误解中恢复）。该项目的总体目标是了解多个认知系统之间的相互作用，是否相同的认知控制功能系统地运行在不同领域出现的冲突类型，并表征其相互作用的行为和神经生物学机制。在这样做的过程中，这项研究将有助于我们对共享语言和记忆功能的了解，以及一个领域的认知控制参与在多大程度上影响另一个领域的表现。具体来说，这个提议测试了记忆中信息冲突的经历是否会改变语言处理中随后的冲突控制程序，最终得出大脑和行为中这些影响的定量评估。该项目有三个具体目标。第一个是测试在非语言任务执行过程中的信息冲突的经验（从而认知控制的参与）如何影响实时语言处理，由眼睛运动模式索引到一个场景中的对象作为听众执行口头指令。实验1利用“冲突适应”现象（其中冲突检测触发认知控制以促进后续tril上的冲突解决）来检查听者是否动态地调整语言处理行为（例如，更容易从误解中恢复）在Stroop任务中进行冲突检测，这是一种经典的认知控制措施。第二，该建议检查神经生物学的变化，在语言处理过程中，这取决于是否认知控制已触发的前冲突审判以外的句法域。实验二利用单次试验分析的fMRI数据，形成了一个定量的联系之间的fMRI信号幅度和眼动跟踪和行为指标的解决句法歧义。第三，这项建议调查的范围广泛的表面上不同的任务共享一个共同的冲突控制的心理状态。实验3包括一组具有高认知控制要求的记忆和语言任务，以测试机器学习算法（即，多体素模式分析（multi-voxel pattern analysis，或MVPA）可以在广泛的领域中准确地对冲突状态进行分类。拟议的实验采用收敛眼动跟踪和神经成像技术（单次试验和多变量分析），以帮助解决认知科学中的一个核心问题：语言处理是如何相对影响的参与状态的认知控制系统。由于认知控制缺陷会影响患者的记忆和语言表现，因此阐明这些认知系统之间的动态相互作用具有重大的健康意义。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Cognitive control allows individuals to adjust thoughts and actions on-the-fly upon discovering conflict across informational sources during processing; it is therefore critical to both memory and language functions (e.g., recognizing objects correctly despite interfering memoranda; recovering from temporary misinterpretation during reading or spoken language comprehension). The overall objective of this project is to understand the interplay among multiple cognitive systems, whether the same cognitive control functions operate systematically across conflict types that arise in different domains, and to characterize the behavioral and neurobiological mechanisms that underlie their interaction. In doing so, this research will contribute to our knowledge about shared language and memory functions and the extent to which cognitive control engagement in one domain influences performance in another. Specifically, this proposal tests whether the experience of information conflict within memory alters subsequent conflict-control procedures in language processing, ultimately deriving quantitative assessments of these effects in both brain and behavior. This project has three specific aims. The first is to test how the experience of information-conflict during non- linguistc task performance (and thus the engagement of cognitive control) affects real-time language processing, indexed by eye-movement patterns to objects in a scene as listeners carry out spoken instructions. Experiment 1 harnesses the phenomenon of "conflict adaptation" (wherein conflict detection triggers cognitive control to facilitate conflict resolution on a subsequent tril) to examine whether listeners dynamically adjust language processing behavior (e.g., easier recovery from misinterpretation) following conflict detection in the Stroop task, a classic cognitive control measure. Second, this proposal examines neurobiological changes during language processing depending on whether cognitive control has been triggered by a preceding conflict trial outside the syntactic domain. Experiment 2 utilizes single-trial analysis of fMRI daa to form a quantitative link between fMRI signal amplitude and both eye-tracking and behavioral indexes of resolving syntactic ambiguity. Third, this proposal investigates the extent to which a wide range of ostensibly different tasks share a common conflict-control mind state. Experiment 3 includes a battery of memory and language tasks with high cognitive control demands to test whether machine-learning algorithms (i.e., multi-voxel pattern analysis, or MVPA) can accurately classify conflict states broadly across domains. The proposed experiments adopt converging eye-tracking and neuroimaging techniques (single-trial and multivariate analyses) to help address a central issue in cognitive science: how language processing is relatively affected by the engagement status of the cognitive control system. Because cognitive control deficits affect patients' memory and language performance alike, elucidating the dynamic interplay between these cognitive systems has major health implications.