Dynamic behavioral and neural effects of cognitive control on language processing

描述(申请人提供)：认知控制允许个人在处理过程中发现信息来源之间的冲突时动态调整思想和行动；因此，它对记忆和语言功能(例如，正确识别对象)都是至关重要的 尽管干扰了记忆；在阅读或口语理解过程中从暂时的误解中恢复过来)。这个项目的总体目标是了解多个认知系统之间的相互作用，相同的认知控制功能是否在不同领域出现的冲突类型中系统地运行，并描述它们相互作用的行为和神经生物学机制。通过这样做，这项研究将有助于我们了解共享的语言和记忆功能，以及一个领域的认知控制参与对另一个领域的表现的影响程度。具体地说，这一建议测试了记忆中的信息冲突体验是否会改变语言处理中随后的冲突控制程序，最终得出对这些影响在大脑和行为中的影响的量化评估。这个项目有三个具体目标。第一个是测试在非语言任务执行过程中的信息冲突体验(以及认知控制的参与)如何影响实时语言处理，当听者进行口头指令时，通过眼动模式对场景中的对象进行索引。实验一利用“冲突适应”现象(其中冲突检测触发认知控制以促进随后的Tril中的冲突解决)来考察听者在Stroop任务中检测到冲突后是否动态地调整语言处理行为(例如，更容易从误解中恢复)，Stroop任务是一种经典的认知控制措施。其次，这项建议考察了语言处理过程中的神经生物学变化，这取决于认知控制是否由之前的句法领域外的冲突试验触发。实验2利用fMRI DAA的单次试验分析，建立了fMRI信号幅度与眼动和行为指标之间的定量联系。第三，这项建议调查了一系列表面上不同的任务在多大程度上共享共同的冲突控制心理状态。实验3包括一组具有高认知控制要求的记忆和语言任务，以测试机器学习算法(即多体素模式分析，MVPA)是否能够准确地跨领域广泛地对冲突状态进行分类。拟议的实验采用了融合眼球跟踪和神经成像技术(单项试验和多变量分析)，以帮助解决认知科学中的一个核心问题：语言处理如何相对地受到认知控制系统的参与状态的影响。由于认知控制缺陷同样会影响患者的记忆和语言表现，因此阐明这些认知系统之间的动态相互作用具有重大的健康意义。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Cognitive control allows individuals to adjust thoughts and actions on-the-fly upon discovering conflict across informational sources during processing; it is therefore critical to both memory and language functions (e.g., recognizing objects correctly despite interfering memoranda; recovering from temporary misinterpretation during reading or spoken language comprehension). The overall objective of this project is to understand the interplay among multiple cognitive systems, whether the same cognitive control functions operate systematically across conflict types that arise in different domains, and to characterize the behavioral and neurobiological mechanisms that underlie their interaction. In doing so, this research will contribute to our knowledge about shared language and memory functions and the extent to which cognitive control engagement in one domain influences performance in another. Specifically, this proposal tests whether the experience of information conflict within memory alters subsequent conflict-control procedures in language processing, ultimately deriving quantitative assessments of these effects in both brain and behavior. This project has three specific aims. The first is to test how the experience of information-conflict during non- linguistc task performance (and thus the engagement of cognitive control) affects real-time language processing, indexed by eye-movement patterns to objects in a scene as listeners carry out spoken instructions. Experiment 1 harnesses the phenomenon of "conflict adaptation" (wherein conflict detection triggers cognitive control to facilitate conflict resolution on a subsequent tril) to examine whether listeners dynamically adjust language processing behavior (e.g., easier recovery from misinterpretation) following conflict detection in the Stroop task, a classic cognitive control measure. Second, this proposal examines neurobiological changes during language processing depending on whether cognitive control has been triggered by a preceding conflict trial outside the syntactic domain. Experiment 2 utilizes single-trial analysis of fMRI daa to form a quantitative link between fMRI signal amplitude and both eye-tracking and behavioral indexes of resolving syntactic ambiguity. Third, this proposal investigates the extent to which a wide range of ostensibly different tasks share a common conflict-control mind state. Experiment 3 includes a battery of memory and language tasks with high cognitive control demands to test whether machine-learning algorithms (i.e., multi-voxel pattern analysis, or MVPA) can accurately classify conflict states broadly across domains. The proposed experiments adopt converging eye-tracking and neuroimaging techniques (single-trial and multivariate analyses) to help address a central issue in cognitive science: how language processing is relatively affected by the engagement status of the cognitive control system. Because cognitive control deficits affect patients' memory and language performance alike, elucidating the dynamic interplay between these cognitive systems has major health implications.