DYSLEXIA SUSCEPTIBILITY GENES AND MECHANISMS OF NEURONAL DEVELOPMENT

阅读障碍易感基因及其神经元调控机制 发展 阅读障碍（RD）或诵读困难是儿童中最常见的学习障碍。 虽然阅读障碍的具体原因尚不清楚，但最近的遗传和 神经生物学研究加强了一个工作假设，即诵读困难是由早期 发育中断，随后导致新皮层功能障碍， 电路.在过去的三年里，四个候选的阅读障碍易感基因已经被发现。 （DYX1C1，KIAA0319，DCDC 2和ROBO 1），所有四个都在 神经元发育其中三个的啮齿动物同源物，Dyx1c1，Kiaa0319和 Dcdc2已经显示在发育中的新皮层中的神经元迁移中起作用， 而Robo1之前被证明对轴突生长和指导很重要。的 该项目的前三个目标将进一步确定细胞和发展的作用， Kiaa0319和Dcdc2，目前与阅读障碍最强的遗传支持的两个基因 易感基因这三个目标是确定神经元的成分， 由dcdc2和kiaa0319调节的迁移，以确定 kiaa0319和dcdc2在神经元迁移中的作用，并确定其在神经元迁移中的功能必要性。 dcdc2和kiaa0319的蛋白结构域。这些目标将通过一个组合来实现， 子宫内RNAi、成像和细胞培养方法。新的组合方法 利用RNAi和电穿孔技术研究了Kiaa0319和 DCDC2。最后，在与目前正在确定其他 阅读障碍易感基因在人类populations，我们建议测试的发展 新的候选阅读障碍易感基因在神经元迁移中的作用 发展总之，这些实验的结果将揭示细胞功能 候选阅读障碍易感基因在神经元发育，这应该 有助于最终理解这种学习障碍的根本原因。阅读障碍（RD）或诵读困难是最常见的学习障碍， 孩子虽然阅读障碍的具体原因尚不清楚，但最近的遗传和 神经生物学研究加强了一个工作假设，即诵读困难是由早期 发育中断，随后导致新皮质功能障碍 电路.这些实验的结果将揭示细胞的功能， 候选诵读困难易感基因在神经元发育，这应该 有助于最终理解这种学习障碍的根本原因。

DYSLEXIA SUSCEPTIBILITY GENES AND MECHANISMS OF NEURONAL DEVELOPMENT Reading disability (RD) or dyslexia is the most common learning disorder in children. While the specific causes of dyslexia are not yet known, recent genetic and neurobiological studies strengthen a working hypothesis that dyslexia is caused by early developmental disruptions that subsequently cause functional impairments in neocortical circuits. Within the past three years four candidate dyslexia susceptibility genes have been proposed (DYX1C1, KIAA0319, DCDC2 and ROBO1), and all four play roles in neuronal development. Rodent homologs of three of these, Dyx1c1, Kiaa0319 and Dcdc2 have been shown to play a role in neuronal migration in developing neocortex, and Robo1 was previously shown to be important for axon growth and guidance. The first three aims of the project will further define the cellular and developmental roles of Kiaa0319 and Dcdc2, the two genes currently with strongest genetic support as dyslexia susceptibility genes. These three aims are to determine the components of neuronal migration regulated by dcdc2 and kiaa0319, to determine functional links between kiaa0319 and dcdc2 in neuronal migration, and to determine the functionally necessary protein domains of dcdc2 and kiaa0319. The aims will be carried out by a combination of in utero RNAi, imaging, and cell culture approaches. Novel combinatorial methods of RNAi and electroporation are proposed to investigate interaction between Kiaa0319 and Dcdc2. Finally, in collaboration with groups currently working on identifying additional dyslexia susceptibility genes in human popualtions, we propose to test the developmental roles of new candidate dyslexia susceptibility genes in neuronal migration and development. Together, results form these experiments will reveal the cellular functions of candidate dyslexia susceptibility genes in neuronal development, and this should contribute to an eventual understanding of the underlying causes of this learning disorder. Reading disability (RD) or dyslexia is the most common learning disorder in children. While the specific causes of dyslexia are not yet known, recent genetic and neurobiological studies strengthen a working hypothesis that dyslexia is caused by early developmental disruptions that subsequently cause functional impairments in neocortical circuits. Results form these proposed experiments will reveal the cellular functions of candidate dyslexia susceptibility genes in neuronal development, and this should contribute to an eventual understanding of the underlying causes of this learning disorder.