Continuing the Research and Development of Parent Treatment for Child Social

描述（由申请人提供）：有问题的同伴关系，特别是当慢性，可以对儿童的功能和心理健康产生巨大的影响。数十年的研究表明，同伴排斥、孤立和受害对适应产生负面影响，并使儿童面临更大的风险，导致后来出现无数负面结果。预防和治疗研究支持使用社会技能团体治疗来改善儿童的同伴关系，社会行为和情绪调节。然而，只注重儿童并不像超越群体环境的多组成部分干预努力那样有效。这个竞争性更新项目将继续研究和开发以家长为中心的干预措施，即SSGRIN家长指南，该指南与既定的以儿童为中心的干预措施[社会技能小组干预（SS GRIN）;针对5- 12岁的儿童]，以便在家庭环境中教授和加强相同的社交技能和概念。第二阶段的目标，创造完整的家长指南干预产品和进行试点疗效研究成功完成。然而，第二阶段研究项目的范围有限，使得关于治疗有效性的关键问题没有得到回答，特别是其在SSGRIN干预之外的相对影响。随着3-C ISD将母指南产品推进到第三阶段商业化，越来越明显的是，进一步的研发对该产品的商业化至关重要。因此，这项竞争性更新的主要目标是进行一项严格的、大规模的、纵向的研究项目，该项目有足够的动力来解决相对影响、长期治疗效益以及不同环境和人群的差异治疗效果等问题。在第二阶段和随后的商业化努力中吸取的另一个教训是，家长指南目前的设计对学校环境来说是不切实际的。尽管学校经常为如何增加家长对校本课程的参与而苦苦挣扎，但学校官员报告说，他们不可能按照《家长指南》目前的课程要求，举办一系列面对面的家长培训小组。因此，该产品的商业潜力受到很大限制。因此，本次竞争性更新的第二个目标是将第二阶段的发现、商业化反馈和利益相关者的意见纳入到家长指南的家庭学习版本的创建中，该版本将利用3-C的创新的基于网络和视频的技术将培训与家庭环境联系起来。一旦开发完成，家长指南的家庭学习版本将作为一个单独的治疗条件纳入有效性试验，并将评估其在学校环境中的可行性。拟议的竞争性更新项目将支持进一步的产品开发，以便家长指南能够成功地扩展到学校环境，这是儿童的主要心理健康服务部门，并将确保对该产品进行广泛的大规模测试，以解决实现科学和商业目标所必需的关键研究问题。公共卫生相关性：有问题的同伴关系，特别是长期的同伴关系，会对儿童的心理健康以及他们的行为和情感功能产生巨大的影响。如果没有干预，社会和行为问题往往会持续存在，并随着时间的推移而升级，这反过来又对精神病理学的发展产生了巨大的影响。最终，社会情感缺陷以及随之出现的无数负面后果，包括精神疾病风险增加和使用精神卫生服务，不仅对个人，而且对家庭和整个社会产生负面影响，被视为严重的公共卫生问题。精神疾病伴随着高昂的经济成本。在美国，每年精神疾病的间接经济成本估计为790亿美元。1997年，也就是可获得可比数据的最近一年，美国在医疗保健方面的支出超过1万亿美元，其中包括近710亿美元用于治疗精神疾病。考虑到与精神疾病和使用精神卫生服务有关的费用，为儿童制定和测试适用于各种环境的创新和灵活的干预措施尤为重要。在出现困难的第一个迹象时，可以开始采取预防性干预措施，防止问题升级。提供一个有效的，平行的家长为重点的产品，作为一个全面的，多组件的干预，以提高社会，情绪和行为的调整儿童的一部分，将提供一个宝贵的资源提供者在学校和社区设置，以及家长寻求一个基于证据的工具与他们的孩子一起工作。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Problematic peer relations, particularly when chronic, can have a tremendous impact on children's functioning and mental health. Decades of research indicate that peer rejection, isolation, and victimization negatively impact adjustment and place children at increased risk for a myriad of later negative outcomes. Prevention and treatment research supports the use of social skills group therapy for improving children's peer relations, social behavior, and emotional adjustment. However, focusing exclusively on the child is not as effective as multi-component intervention efforts that extend beyond the group setting. This Competing Renewal project will continue the research and development of a parent-focused intervention, Parent Guide to SSGRIN, which parallels an established child-focused intervention [Social Skills Group Intervention (S.S. GRIN); for children ages 5-12years], in order to teach and reinforce the same social skills and concepts within the home environment. Phase II objectives of creating the complete Parent Guide intervention product and conducting pilot efficacy research were successfully accomplished. However, the limited scope of the Phase II research project leaves critical questions unanswered regarding the treatment's effectiveness, particularly its relative impact above and beyond the SSGRIN intervention alone. As 3-C ISD has moved the Parent Guide product into Phase III commercialization, it has become increasingly evident that further R&D is critical to commercializing this product. Therefore, a primary goal of this Competing Renewal is to conduct a rigorous, large-scale, longitudinal research project that is adequately powered to address questions of relative impact, longer-term treatment benefits, and differential treatment effects across settings and populations. Another lesson learned during Phase II and subsequent commercialization efforts is that the Parent Guide's current design is impractical for the school setting. Though schools often struggle with how to increase parent involvement in school-based programs, school officials report that it is infeasible for them to conduct the full series of in-person parent training groups as the Parent Guide's current curriculum demands. As a result, the commercial potential for the product is greatly restricted. Therefore, a second goal of this Competing Renewal is to incorporate Phase II findings, commercialization feedback, and stakeholder input into the creation of a Home-study version of the Parent Guide, which would utilize 3-C's innovative web- and video- based technology to bridge training into the home environment. Once developed, the Home-study version of the Parent Guide will be included as a separate treatment condition within the effectiveness trial and will also be evaluated for feasibility specifically within the school setting. The proposed Competing Renewal project will support further product development so that the Parent Guide can be successfully extended into the school setting, a primary mental health service sector for children, and will also ensure extensive, large-scale testing of this product to address key research questions that are imperative for achieving both scientific and commercial goals. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Problematic peer relations, particularly when chronic, can have a tremendous impact on children's mental health as well as their behavioral and emotional functioning. Without intervention, social and behavioral problems tend to persist and escalate over time which, in turn, has a tremendous impact on the development of psychopathology. Ultimately, socio-emotional deficits and the consequent emergence of a myriad of negative outcomes, including heightened risk for psychiatric disorders and use of mental health services have a negative impact not only on the individual, but also on the family and society as a whole, and are considered a serious public health issue. Mental illnesses come with a devastatingly high financial cost. In the US, the annual economic, indirect cost of mental illnesses is estimated to be $79 billion. In 1997, the latest year comparable data are available, the US spent more than $1 trillion on health care, including almost $71 billion on treating mental illnesses. Given the costs associated with psychiatric disorders and use of mental health services, the development and testing of innovative and flexible interventions for children with applications to varied settings are especially important. At the first sign of difficulties, preventive interventions can be started to keep problems from escalating. Offering an effective, parallel parent-focused product as part of a comprehensive, multi-component intervention to enhance the social, emotional, and behavioral adjustment of children will provide a valuable resource for providers in school and community settings as well as parents seeking an evidence-based tool for working with their children.