Sentence processing factors in specific language impairment (SLI)

特定语言障碍 (SLI) 中的句子处理因素

• 批准号: 7911102
• 负责人: Gerard Humphrey Poll
• 金额: $ 2.95万
• 依托单位: PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY, THE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-04-01 至 2013-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7911102
• 关键词: Adult; Affect; Child; Comprehension; Diagnosis; Diagnostic; Effectiveness; Individual; Language; Language Disorders; Measures; Memory; Nature; Participant; Performance; Play; Process; Records; Research; Role; Short-Term Memory; Social Well-Being; System; To specify; diagnostic accuracy; kindergarten; language processing; lexical; peer; phrases; processing speed; programs; public health relevance; research clinical testing; specific language impairment; syntax; theories; tool; young adult

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Tasks involving the comprehension and imitation of sentences have reliably distinguished children and adults with specific language impairment (SLI) from their typical language peers (Conti-Ramsden, Botting, & Faragher, 2001; Tomblin, Freese, & Records, 1992) and are widely used in clinical evaluations for language disorders (Hammill, Brown, Larsen, & Wiederholt, 1994; Semel, Wiig, & Secord, 2003). Despite compelling findings on the effectiveness of sentence imitation as a diagnostic tool, little is known about the factors that underlie performance differences on this task for individuals with SLI. The aim of this research is to specify the role of three factors hypothesized to play a role in sentence imitation performance, leading to a better understanding of why the task effectively diagnoses SLI, and how SLI affects young adults. The research program will involve the comparison of a group of young adults with SLI to young adults with typical language. Experimental tasks will measure working memory and language processing speed. In a sentence comprehension task, the degree of processing difficulty for phrases that are either arguments (such as "the ball" in "Bob hit the ball") or adjuncts (such as "over the fence" in "Bob hit the ball over the fence") will be assessed. Participants will also imitate sentences that vary in memory demands and the use of adjunct, or elaborating, constituents. Analyses of the results will provide evidence on whether adults with SLI have relatively intact lexical systems and relatively impaired syntactic processing systems, as predicted by a recent theory on the causes of SLI (Ullman & Pierpont, 2005). The study will also indicate if working memory, language processing speed, and adjunct processing difficulties each contribute to sentence imitation performance, and the extent to which each factor contributes to performance in combination with the others. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Specific language impairment (SLI) affects more than 7% of children in kindergarten and the condition persists into adulthood in over 70% of cases, with significant consequences for the educational, vocational and social well being of affected individuals. Sentence imitation performance is one of the most effective and widely used means of identifying individuals with SLI, but little is known about why it is so effective. This project aims to identify specific factors that may explain the poor sentence imitation performance of adults with SLI, indicating how the task can be refined for better diagnostic accuracy and clarifying what poor sentence imitation reveals about the nature of SLI.

描述（由申请人提供）：涉及句子理解和模仿的任务能够可靠地将具有特定语言障碍（SLI）的儿童和成人与典型的语言同龄人区分开来（Conti-Ramsden、Botting 和 Faragher，2001 年；Tomblin、Freese 和 Records，1992 年），并广泛用于语言障碍的临床评估（Hammill、Brown、Larsen 和 Wiederholt，1994 年； 塞梅尔、维格和塞科德，2003）。尽管句子模仿作为诊断工具的有效性有令人信服的发现，但对于 SLI 个体在这项任务上表现差异的因素却知之甚少。本研究的目的是明确假设在句子模仿表现中发挥作用的三个因素的作用，从而更好地理解为什么该任务可以有效地诊断 SLI，以及 SLI 如何影响年轻人。 该研究项目将对一组患有 SLI 的年轻人与具有典型语言的年轻人进行比较。实验任务将测量工作记忆和语言处理速度。在句子理解任务中，将评估作为论元（例如“Bob hit the ball”中的“the ball”）或附属词（例如“Bob hit the ball over the fence”中的“over the fence”）的短语的处理难度。参与者还将模仿记忆需求和附加成分或阐述成分的使用不同的句子。对结果的分析将提供证据，证明患有 SLI 的成年人是否具有相对完整的词汇系统和相对受损的句法处理系统，正如最近关于 SLI 原因的理论所预测的那样（Ullman & Pierpont，2005）。该研究还将表明工作记忆、语言处理速度和辅助处理困难是否均有助于句子模仿表现，以及每个因素与其他因素相结合对表现的贡献程度。 公共卫生相关性：特定语言障碍 (SLI) 影响超过 7% 的幼儿园儿童，并且超过 70% 的情况持续到成年，对受影响个人的教育、职业和社会福祉产生重大影响。句子模仿表现是识别 SLI 个体最有效、最广泛使用的方法之一，但人们对其为何如此有效却知之甚少。该项目旨在确定可能解释患有 SLI 的成年人句子模仿能力差的具体因素，指出如何改进任务以提高诊断准确性，并阐明不良的句子模仿能力揭示了 SLI 的本质。