Sentence processing factors in specific language impairment (SLI)

特定语言障碍 (SLI) 中的句子处理因素

• 批准号: 8059598
• 负责人: Gerard Humphrey Poll
• 金额: $ 3.02万
• 依托单位: PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY, THE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-04-01 至 2013-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8059598
• 关键词: Adult; Affect; Behavior; Child; Complement; Comprehension; Developmental Disabilities; Diagnosis; Diagnostic; Disease; Effectiveness; Impairment; Individual; Knowledge; Language; Language Disorders; Language Tests; Link; Measures; Memory; Mental Retardation; Nature; Nervous System Trauma; Participant; Performance; Play; Process; Production; Reading; Records; Relative (related person); Research; Role; Short-Term Memory; Social Well-Being; Specific qualifier value; Speed; Structure; System; Time; To specify; base; diagnostic accuracy; hearing impairment; indexing; kindergarten; language processing; lexical; lexical processing; memory process; operation; peer; phrases; processing speed; programs; research clinical testing; specific language impairment; syntax; theories; tool; young adult

Tasks involving the comprehension and imitation of sentences have reliably distinguished children and adults with specific language impairment (SLI) from their typical language peers (Conti-Ramsden, Botting, & Faragher, 2001; Tomblin, Freese, & Records, 1992) and are widely used in clinical evaluations for language disorders (Hammill, Brown, Larsen, & Wiederholt, 1994; Semel, Wiig, & Secord, 2003). Despite compelling findings on the effectiveness of sentence imitation as a diagnostic tool, little is known about the factors that underlie performance differences on this task for individuals with SLI. The aim of this research is to specify the role of three factors hypothesized to play a role in sentence imitation performance, leading to a better understanding of why the task effectively diagnoses SLI, and how SLI affects young adults. The research program will involve the comparison of a group of young adults with SLI to young adults with typical language. Experimental tasks will measure working memory and language processing speed. In a sentence comprehension task, the degree of processing difficulty for phrases that are either arguments (such as "the ball" in "Bob hit the ball") or adjuncts (such as "over the fence" in "Bob hit the ball over the fence") will be assessed. Participants will also imitate sentences that vary in memory demands and the use of adjunct, or elaborating, constituents. Analyses of the results will provide evidence on whether adults with SLI have relatively intact lexical systems and relatively impaired syntactic processing systems, as predicted by a recent theory on the causes of SLI (Ullman & Pierpont, 2005). The study will also indicate if working memory, language processing speed, and adjunct processing difficulties each contribute to sentence imitation performance, and the extent to which each factor contributes to performance in combination with the others.

涉及理解和模仿句子的任务具有可靠的杰出儿童和成年人，具有特定语言障碍的儿童和成年人（SLI）与典型的语言同伴（Conti-Ramsden，Botting和Faragher，2001; Tomblin，Freese，＆Records，1992）可靠地使用，并广泛用于语言评估中，并在语言评估中，并在语言评估中（Hammill，brown，brown，larsel＆wii; Secord，2003年）。尽管关于句子模仿作为诊断工具的有效性的令人信服的发现，但对SLI患者的绩效差异的基础知之甚少。这项研究的目的是指定假设在句子模仿表现中发挥作用的三个因素的作用，从而更好地理解该任务为何有效诊断SLI以及SLI如何影响年轻人。 该研究计划将涉及将一组SLI的年轻人与具有典型语言的年轻人进行比较。实验任务将测量工作记忆和语言处理速度。在一项句子理解任务中，将评估将评估句子的难度（例如“鲍勃击球”中的“球”）或辅助（例如“鲍勃在栅栏上击球”中的“围栏”）的处理难度。参与者还将模仿在内存需求中变化的句子，并使用辅助或阐述成分的句子。对结果的分析将提供证据表明患有SLI的成年人是否具有相对完整的词汇系统和相对受损的句法处理系统，如最近关于SLI原因的理论所预测的那样（Ullman＆Pierpont，2005年）。该研究还将指示工作记忆，语言处理速度和辅助处理困难是否有助于句子模仿表现，以及每个因素在多大程度上与其他因素相结合的性能。