Factors Influencing the Health Behavior of Young African American Adults

描述(由申请人提供)：本申请寻求继续和扩大家庭和社区健康研究(FACHS)的资金，该研究包括大约900个非裔美国家庭。已经收集了四波数据。每一波包括对目标儿童(目标；第一波10/11岁)和目标的主要照顾者(PC)的访谈；加上第二照顾者(SC)和年长的兄弟姐妹(兄弟姐妹，第一波13/14岁)，如果他们有空的话。第五波和第六波将把目标和兄弟姐妹带入成年期(EA)的发育期，这已经被证明在与药物使用和滥用相关的问题以及包括艾滋病毒风险在内的危险性行为的发展方面是至关重要的。基于前四波的分析提供了关于家庭互动、社区环境、种族歧视和性格(例如，气质、自控力)如何结合在一起影响青少年的健康行为，包括他们的物质使用和性行为的宝贵信息。使用原型/意愿模型作为理论基础，我们重点研究了缓和这些影响的因素(如缓冲和风险因素)，以及中介它们的认知和处置。以前的一些研究检查了电针期间风险行为的变化，但很少有研究的优势是还包括一系列重要的测量方法，可以追溯到青春期前，在这种情况下，比典型的风险行为开始年龄早2-3年。这一领域的现有研究很少包括非裔美国人家庭；没有一项研究还包括重要的背景测量(例如，邻里风险、地理信息系统数据)和来自其他家庭成员的广泛数据，包括他们的药物使用、风险认知、父母养育方式和性格特征。简而言之，在许多方面，现有的FAHS项目和FAHS样本都是独一无二的。这项建议旨在以三种方式扩大FACHS项目：(A)在目标和兄弟姐妹过渡到EA时跟踪他们，重点关注影响他们的药物使用和滥用习惯以及他们危险的性行为的因素；(B)从目标收集基因数据，以检查基因在主效应和基因x环境(GxE)相互作用和相关性方面对其健康危险行为的影响，从而使我们能够检查主要以高加索样本建立的结果在多大程度上可以用于为关于物质使用和非裔美国人物质使用障碍(SOD)的发展的讨论提供信息；以及(C)从目标最好的朋友和恋人(如果他们有的话)那里收集关于相同的风险认知和健康行为(他们自己和目标的)的数据。这两个额外的来源将提供有关非裔美国年轻人的危险行为以及影响这些行为的社会因素的有用信息。项目叙事 该项目将提供有关环境、心理社会和遗传因素的信息，这些因素影响非裔美国青少年在进入成年期早期的物质使用和危险的性行为。这些信息将有助于进一步了解艾滋病毒风险和药物滥用的原因，并为制定干预措施提供信息，以降低这些负面健康后果的风险。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This application seeks funding for continuation and expansion of the Family and Community Health Study (FACHS), which includes approximately 900 African American families. Four waves of data have already been collected. Each wave included interviews with a target child (target; age 10/11 at Wave 1) and the target's primary caregiver (PC); plus a secondary caregiver (SC) and an older sibling (sib; age 13/14 at Wave 1), when they were available. Waves 5 and 6 will take the targets and sibs into a developmental period emerging adulthood (EA) that has been shown to be critical in terms of the development of problems associated with substance use and abuse, and also risky sexual behavior, including HIV risk. Analyses based on the first four waves have provided valuable information regarding the manner in which family interaction, community context, racial discrimination, and disposition (e.g., temperament, self-control) combine to influence the adolescents' health behaviors, including their substance use and sexual behavior. Using the prototype / willingness model as a theoretical base, we have focused on factors that moderate these influences (as buffers and risk factors), and the cognitions and dispositions that mediate them. Some previous studies have examined changes in risk behavior during EA, but few of them have the advantage of also including a significant array of measures dating back to preadolescence, in this case, 2-3 years prior to the typical age of risk behavior onset. Very few existing studies in this area include African American families; none of them also includes significant contextual measures (e.g., neighborhood risk, GIS data) and extensive data from other family members, including their substance use, risk cognitions, parenting styles, and dispositional characteristics. In short, in many ways, the existing FACHS project and the FACHS sample are unique. This proposal is designed to expand the FACHS project in three ways: (a) Follow the targets and sibs as they transition into EA, focusing on factors that influence their substance use and abuse habits and their risky sexual behavior; (b) Collect genetic data from the targets in order to examine the influence of genes in terms of main effects and gene x environment (GxE) interactions and correlations on their health risk behaviors, thereby allowing us to examine the extent to which findings established primarily with Caucasian samples can be used to inform the discussion of substance use and the development of substance use disorders (SUDs) in African Americans; and (c) Collect data from the targets' best friend and romantic partner, if they have one, regarding the same risk cognitions and health behaviors (their own and the target's). These two additional sources will provide useful information about the risk behaviors of young African Americans and the social factors that influence those behaviors.7. PROJECT NARRATIVE This project will provide information about the environmental, psychosocial, and genetic factors that influence the substance use and risky sexual behavior of African American adolescents as they move into early adulthood. This information will be of use in terms of furthering understanding of the etiology of HIV risk and substance abuse, and informing the development of interventions that will reduce the risk of these negative health outcomes.