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Choanoflagellate colony formation as a simple model for animal multicellularity

领鞭毛虫集落形成作为动物多细胞性的简单模型

基本信息

批准号：
8036988
负责人：
Nicole King
金额：
$ 28.42万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BERKELEY
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2010
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2010-03-01 至 2015-02-28
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8036988
关键词：
Address Adhesions Animal Model Animals Back Behavior Binding Biochemical Biological Blastoderm Cadherins Cancer Biology Cell Adhesion Cell Communication Cell Differentiation process Cell physiology Cell-Cell Adhesion Cells Cellular biology Conflict (Psychology)Defect Development Diagnostic Disease Drosophila genus Drosophila polo protein Dynamin Electron Microscopy Evolution Expressed Sequence Tags Failure Fluorescent Dyes Foundations Gap Junctions Gene Proteins Genes Genetic Genome Genomics Health Homologous Gene Homologous Protein Human Intercellular Junctions Life Ligands Link Malignant Neoplasms Masks Measures Mediating Membrane Modeling Molecular Monitor Morphology Nature Organism Permeability Phylogenetic Analysis Physiology Positioning Attribute Process Proteins Proteomics Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases Relative (related person)Research Resources Rest Set protein Signal Transduction Signaling Molecule Structure Testing Tissues Yeasts animal tissue aurora kinase base cellular imaging functional genomics gene function innovation insight intercellular communication life history novel public health relevance receptor binding trafficking

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The evolution of cell adhesion and signaling mechanisms was essential for the origin of animal multicellularity. These innovations facilitated multicellular development and cell differentiation, and helped resolve the evolutionary conflict between cooperation and competition in single celled organisms. Modern animal development and physiology (including in humans) therefore rests upon a regulatory foundation nucleated by ancient adhesion and signaling mechanisms. Cancer biology is perhaps the most prominent example of how ancient tensions between cell cooperation and competition can re-emerge when fundamental regulatory mechanisms are compromised. By studying choanoflagellates, the closest living single-celled and colony-forming relatives of animals, we aim to determine the minimal molecular toolkit for animal multicellularity. Whole genome and EST sequences from two choanoflagellates, Monosiga brevicollis and Proterospongia, reveal that choanoflagellates express homologs of genes required for cell signaling and adhesion in animals (e.g. receptor tyrosine kinases and cadherins). In addition, Proterospongia develops highly organized colonies in which neighboring cells are connected by cytoplasmic bridges that we hypothesize mediate intercellular signaling and adhesion. Using choanoflagellate-specific molecular, genomic, and cell biological resources generated by my lab, we study choanoflagellate colony formation as a simple model for the evolution and development of animal multicellularity. We propose three aims to determine the mechanisms of intercellular interactions in Proterospongia colonies. First, we will characterize the development and ultrastructure of cytoplasmic bridges and measure their ability to act as intercellular conduits for signaling molecules. Second, we will use proteomic and functional genomic approaches to identify molecules associated with the formation of cytoplasmic bridges. Third, we will investigate the localization and function of choanoflagellate homologs of animal signaling, adhesion, and midbody proteins. By uniting cell biology, functional genomic and biochemical approaches in the study of intercellular interactions in Proterospongia, this research will offer new insights into the molecular underpinnings of animal development and cancer. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Defects in cell adhesion and communication result in a failure of cells to coordinate their behavior properly, and can give rise to catastrophic developmental defects and cancer. The fundamental mechanisms by which animal cells interact may best be studied in the choanoflagellate, an emerging model organism that contains the basic molecular toolkit for animal multicellularity. By reconstructing the ancestry of intercellular interactions, this research aims to provide new insights into animal development, health and disease.

描述（由申请人提供）：细胞粘附和信号传导机制的进化对于动物多细胞性的起源至关重要。这些创新促进了多细胞发育和细胞分化，并有助于解决单细胞生物中合作与竞争之间的进化冲突。因此，现代动物的发育和生理学（包括人类）依赖于以古老的粘附和信号机制为核心的调节基础。癌症生物学也许是最突出的例子，说明当基本调节机制受到损害时，细胞合作与竞争之间古老的紧张关系如何重新出现。通过研究鞭毛虫（与动物最接近的现存单细胞和集落形成亲属），我们的目标是确定动物多细胞性的最小分子工具包。两种领鞭毛虫（Monosiga brevicollis 和 Proterospongia）的全基因组和 EST 序列表明，领鞭毛虫表达动物细胞信号传导和粘附所需基因的同源物（例如受体酪氨酸激酶和钙粘蛋白）。此外，原海绵体形成高度组织化的集落，其中相邻细胞通过细胞质桥连接，我们假设细胞质桥介导细胞间信号传导和粘附。利用我的实验室生成的领鞭毛虫特异性分子、基因组和细胞生物资源，我们研究领鞭毛虫集落形成，将其作为动物多细胞进化和发展的简单模型。我们提出了三个目标来确定 Proterospongia 菌落中细胞间相互作用的机制。首先，我们将描述细胞质桥的发育和超微结构，并测量它们作为信号分子的细胞间管道的能力。其次，我们将使用蛋白质组学和功能基因组学方法来识别与细胞质桥形成相关的分子。第三，我们将研究动物信号、粘附和中间体蛋白的领鞭毛虫同源物的定位和功能。通过将细胞生物学、功能基因组和生化方法结合起来研究原海绵体细胞间相互作用，这项研究将为动物发育和癌症的分子基础提供新的见解。公共健康相关性：细胞粘附和通讯缺陷导致细胞无法正确协调其行为，并可能导致灾难性的发育缺陷和癌症。动物细胞相互作用的基本机制最好在领鞭毛虫中进行研究，领鞭毛虫是一种新兴的模式生物，包含动物多细胞性的基本分子工具包。通过重建细胞间相互作用的祖先，这项研究旨在为动物发育、健康和疾病提供新的见解。