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Changing Epidemiology of South Asian Malaria

南亚疟疾流行病学的变化

基本信息

批准号：
8005342
负责人：
PRADIPSINH K. RATHOD
金额：
$ 25.39万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2010
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2010-07-01 至 2017-06-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8005342
关键词：
Acute respiratory failure Address Africa Alleles Anemia Antigens Area Asia Asians Automobile Driving Benign Biology Bite Cerebrum Characteristics Cities Clinical Code Collection Communicable Diseases Communities Complex Country Cross-Sectional Studies Culicidae DNA Data Collection Disease Disease Outcome Drug resistance Ecology Employee Epidemiology Evolution Failure Family Genes Genetic Genetic Recombination Genetic Structures Genetic Variation Genome Genotype Geographic Locations Goals Government Grant Growth Healthcare Hemoglobin Hospitals Human Genetics Human body Immune response Immunity Incidence India Individual Infant Infection Insect Vectors Integration Host Factors Link Location Longitudinal Studies Malaria Measures Migrant Workers Molecular Mutation Nature Nomads Outcome Parasitemia Parasites Pathogenesis Patients Pattern Pharmaceutical Preparations Phenotype Plasmodium falciparum Plasmodium vivax Population Population Biology Pregnancy Pregnant Women Prevalence Public Health Publications Recording of previous events Reporting Resources Risk Factors Rural Sampling Science Scientist Screening procedure Seasons Severities Severity of illness Site Source South Asian Structure Study Section Techniques Testing Tissues Variant Virulence Visit Vivax Malaria Woman Work acquired immunity base clinical research site design fitness forest human migration immune activation interest medical schools migration nutrition parasite genome pressure programs tool trait transmission process trend vector

项目摘要

PROJECT 1 SUMMARY: The north-east corridor of South Asia has regions with high level of P. falciparum, high levels of pathogenesis, and high levels of drug failures. In complete contrast, southern regions of India still carry predominantly P. vivax. In these regions malaria presentations appear more benign. Interestingly, profiles of malaria cases in central India are changing rapidly thus providing an extraordinary opportunity to study the factors that may be driving the evolution of malaria. The most obvious explanation for higher levels of P. falciparum in central India is that specific parasite strains are moving from "source" sites (involving high levels of virulence) to new "sink" sites, which historically presented more benign P. vivax infections. Another, more intriguing explanation is that the "whole parasite" does not need to move; specific virulence traits, coded by specific genes, may propagate by recombination across regions. Local parasites that have acquired new virulence traits may compete more effectively against local P. vivax parasite populations. In order to investigate this, one general goal of Project 1 is to systematically and carefully define the population structures of P. falciparum and P. vivax in South Asia. A second general goal is to determine if detailed genotypic analysis of parasites allow us to correlate parasite genotypes to specific disease outcomes.

项目1总结：南亚的东北走廊有恶性疟原虫高水平的地区，发病率高，和高水平的药物失败。与此形成鲜明对比的是，印度南部地区仍然主要携带P。间日疟原虫在这些地区，疟疾的表现似乎比较温和。有趣的是，印度中部正在迅速变化，因此提供了一个非凡的机会来研究可能发生变化的因素。推动了疟疾的进化。对印度中部恶性疟原虫水平较高的最明显的解释是，寄生虫株正在从“源”点（涉及高毒力）转移到新的“汇”点，在历史上表现出更良性的间日疟原虫感染。另一个更有趣的解释是， “寄生虫”不需要移动;由特定基因编码的特定毒力性状可以通过跨区域重组。获得了新的毒力特性的本地寄生虫可能会更多地竞争有效地对抗当地间日疟原虫寄生虫种群。为了研究这一点，项目1的一个总体目标是目的是系统、仔细地确定南亚地区恶性疟原虫和间日疟原虫的种群结构。一第二个总体目标是确定寄生虫的详细基因型分析是否允许我们将寄生虫基因型与特定疾病结果的关系。