Synthetic and Chemical Biological Studies of the Diazofluorene Antitumor Antibiot

描述（由申请人提供）：本提案描述了具有前所未有的结构和强大生物活性的细菌代谢产物-激肽和洛麦维他星A的合成和研究。这些分离物是人类癌症和微生物感染的纳摩尔抑制剂，这是NIH使命的核心公共卫生问题。洛麦替星A在个位数皮摩尔浓度下对卵巢细胞系具有活性，并且比任何一种激酶霉素的效力高约2-5个数量级。总的来说，洛麦替星可以被认为是激肽的二聚体形式，尽管存在其它结构上的不同，最值得注意的是仅在洛麦替星中发现的四个2，6-二脱氧碳水化合物残基.所有这些代谢物的共同点是一个独特的重氮芴官能团，这在天然产物中以前从未见过。该官能团已被确定为在还原条件下具有反应性，但尚未明确了解该反应性在观察到的洛麦替星A生物活性中的作用。 该研究的目的是完成洛麦维他星A的合成，并阐明这种天然产物的作用机制。我们假设，重氮芴官能团是必不可少的生物活性，和外围取代基可以用来调节其反应性。为了探索这一假设，我们将通过开发两个“单体”前体的二聚化方法来完成洛麦维他星A的合成。一个强大的二聚方法将有助于制备简单的二聚重氮芴的化学生物学研究。 在这些合成研究的同时，我们已经开始并将继续进行化学生物学研究，以阐明洛麦替星A的作用机制。迄今为止的证据表明，洛麦替星A通过独特的相互作用模式靶向DNA。因此，我们将集中我们的努力，了解洛马伊替星和相关类似物与DNA的相互作用。此外，我们将试图了解取代基效应对重氮芴反应性的影响，目的是确定易于制备的基于重氮芴的抗癌剂。为了实现这一目标，我们将进行结构-功能研究，并探索我们的合成结构和天然产物与DNA的相互作用。 我们希望我们的研究能够有效地获得整个天然产物家族和相关的重氮芴，从而克服阻碍这些天然产物研究的合成障碍。这些合成研究得到了我们的化学生物学研究的补充，这些研究旨在对洛麦维他星的作用机制有一个清晰的了解。这些都是重要的贡献，将为详细评估这些天然产品作为癌症和细菌感染的新疗法提供基础。 公共卫生相关性：开发治疗人类癌症的新选择至关重要。天然存在的分子一直是发现此类治疗的最肥沃的领域，并且此类分子的制备和研究是本提议的主题。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This proposal describes the synthesis and study of the kinamycins and lomaiviticin A, bacterial metabolites with unprecedented structures and powerful biological activities. These isolates are nanomolar inhibitors of human cancers and microbial infections, which are among the public health issues that are central to the mission of the NIH. Lomaiviticin A is active against ovarian cell lines at single-digit picomolar concentrations, and is approximately 2-5 orders of magnitude more potent than any of the kinamycins. Overall, lomaiviticin may be regarded as a dimeric form of the kinamycins, although other structural dissimilarities exist, most notably four 2, 6-dideoxycarbohydrate residues that are found only in lomaiviticin. Common to all of these metabolites is a unique diazofluorene functional group, which has not been seen before in natural products. This functional group has been established as reactive under reducing conditions, but a clear understanding of the role of this reactivity in the observed biological activity of lomaiviticin A has not been developed. The objective of the proposed research is to complete the synthesis of lomaiviticin A and to elucidate the mechanism of action of this natural product. We hypothesize that the diazofluorene functional group is essential to biological activity, and that peripheral substituents can be used to modulate its reactivity. In order to probe this hypothesis, we will complete the synthesis of lomaiviticin A by developing a method for the dimerization of two "monomeric" precursors. A robust dimerization method will facilitate the preparation of simple dimeric diazofluorenes for chemical biological investigations. In parallel with these synthetic studies, we have initiated, and will continue, chemical biological investigations to elucidate the mechanism of action of lomaiviticin A. Evidence to date suggests lomaiviticin A targets DNA by a unique mode of interaction. Therefore we will focus our efforts on understanding the interaction of lomaiviticin and related analogs with DNA. Additionally, we will seek to understand the influence of substituent effects on the reactivity of the diazofluorene, with the goal of identifying easily-prepared, diazofluorene-based anticancer agents. To achieve this, we will conduct structure-function studies and probe the interaction of our synthetic constructs, and the natural product, with DNA. We expect that our research will enable efficient access to this entire family of natural products and related diazofluorenes, thereby overcoming the synthetic obstacles that have hindered the study of these natural products. These synthetic studies are complemented by our chemical biological investigations, which are aimed at developing a lucid understanding of the mechanism of action of lomaiviticin. These are important contributions that will provide the foundation for detailed evaluation of these natural products as new treatments for cancers and bacterial infections. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The development of new options for treatment of human cancers is of paramount importance. Naturally- occurring molecules have been the most fertile area for the discovery of such treatments, and the preparation and study of such molecules is the subject of this proposal.