MIRROR NEURON SYSTEM AND ACTION OBSERVATION AFTER MOTOR STROKE

镜像神经元系统和运动中风后的动作观察

• 批准号: 8191487
• 负责人: Lisa Sarah Aziz-Zadeh
• 金额: $ 8.1万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-07-01 至 2013-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8191487
• 关键词: Address; Affect; Animal Model; Anterior; Applied Research; Area; Attention; Basic Science; Bilateral; Brain; Brain Injuries; Brain imaging; Brain region; Cognitive; Complement; Distributed Systems; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Goals; Human; Impairment; Inferior; Inferior frontal gyrus; Intervention; Lesion; Limb structure; Lobule; Location; Maps; Measures; Medial; Mediating; Methods; Motor; Movement; Parietal; Participant; Patients; Pattern; Perception; Physical therapy; Prefrontal Cortex; Process; Property; Protocols documentation; Recovery; Rehabilitation therapy; Research; Role; Stroke; System; Testing; Theoretical model; Tissues; Training; Translating; Upper Extremity; base; cingulate cortex; clinical application; cognitive function; evidence based guidelines; imaging modality; method development; mirror neuron system; motor deficit; motor impairment; programs; relating to nervous system; repaired; response; simulation; social cognition; stroke recovery; stroke rehabilitation

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The putative human mirror neuron system (MNS) is defined as motor brain regions that respond both when we perform an action, and when we observe similar actions being performed by others. Thus, the motor system may be engaged without overt movement. Rehabilitation of motor function after stroke is often challenging due to poor to absent voluntary movement ability. Methods in stroke rehabilitation that engage the MNS, for example, action observation, may help to rebuild motor function despite impairments by using covert practice as an alternative or complement to voluntary practice during physical therapy. The first component of the proposed study will identify the MNS in participants with stroke and damage to the primary motor or premotor cortex by measuring brain activity during action observation and execution in fMRI. The PIs aim to better understand how stroke and motor deficits affect the MNS, and to assess for common patterns of adaptive functional reorganization of the MNS after stroke. The second component of the proposed study will compare the whole brain response between observation of actions that use the counterpart to the paretic and the non-paretic limb. In the healthy brain, action observation is processed primarily by the MNS to support action understanding and imitation. After stroke, some observed actions may be difficult or impossible for the observer to perform due to motor impairments, and thus may engage a more deliberative processing supported by other multimodal cognitive brain regions commonly referred to as the "mentalizing system." The PIs aim to test the hypotheses that (1) observing actions that use the counterpart to the non-paretic limb engages the MNS; whereas (2) observing actions that use the counterpart to the paretic limb engages the MNS plus the mentalizing system. The PIs aim to better understand the cooperative roles of the MNS and the mentalizing system for imitation and social cognition after stroke. The overall aim of this research program is to inform the development of methods that engage the MNS to promote recovery from stroke, and to identify which patients might benefit most from therapy involving action observation. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The mirror neuron system (MNS) - motor brain regions that respond when we perform an action and when we observe similar actions being performed by others - may be engaged to promote motor recovery after stroke in patients with limited voluntary movement ability. By studying how the brain perceives actions after stroke, we will better understand how to use methods that engage the MNS for stroke rehabilitation, for example, action observation. By asking how the brain perceives actions that use the counterpart to the paretic limb, we will better understand the role of the MNS and the mentalizing system for action perception, imitation, and social cognition.

描述（由申请人提供）：假定的人类镜像神经元系统（MNS）被定义为运动脑区域，当我们执行动作时，以及当我们观察到他人执行类似动作时，这些区域都会做出反应。因此，马达系统可以在没有明显运动的情况下接合。中风后运动功能的康复往往是具有挑战性的，因为缺乏自主运动能力。在中风康复的方法，从事MNS，例如，行动观察，可能有助于重建运动功能，尽管损伤，通过使用内隐练习作为替代或补充，以自愿实践在物理治疗。拟议研究的第一个组成部分将通过在fMRI中测量动作观察和执行过程中的大脑活动来识别中风和初级运动或运动前皮层损伤的参与者的MNS。PI旨在更好地了解卒中和运动缺陷如何影响MNS，并评估卒中后MNS适应性功能重组的常见模式。拟议研究的第二个组成部分将比较全脑反应之间的观察行动，使用对应的瘫痪和非瘫痪的肢体。在健康的大脑中，动作观察主要由MNS处理，以支持动作理解和模仿。中风后，由于运动障碍，观察者可能很难或不可能执行一些观察到的动作，因此可能会参与由其他多模态认知大脑区域（通常称为“心智化系统”）支持的更深思熟虑的处理。“PI旨在测试以下假设：（1）观察使用非麻痹肢体对应物的动作涉及MNS;而（2）观察使用麻痹肢体对应物的动作涉及MNS加上心智化系统。PI旨在更好地理解MNS和脑卒中后模仿和社会认知的心智化系统的合作作用。这项研究计划的总体目标是为开发利用MNS促进中风恢复的方法提供信息，并确定哪些患者可能从涉及行动观察的治疗中获益最多。 公共卫生关系：镜像神经元系统（MNS）-运动脑区域，当我们执行一个动作时，当我们观察到其他人正在执行类似的动作时，它会做出反应-可能会促进自愿运动能力有限的患者中风后的运动恢复。通过研究中风后大脑如何感知动作，我们将更好地了解如何使用MNS进行中风康复的方法，例如，动作观察。通过询问大脑如何感知使用麻痹肢体对应物的动作，我们将更好地理解MNS和动作感知、模仿和社会认知的心智化系统的作用。