Otitis media in Indigenous and non-Indigenous children: microbiological and immunological risk factors

土著和非土著儿童的中耳炎：微生物学和免疫学危险因素

• 批准号: nhmrc : 212044
• 负责人: A/Pr Deborah Lehmann
• 金额: $ 35.63万
• 依托单位国家: 澳大利亚
• 项目类别: NHMRC Project Grants
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 澳大利亚
• 起止时间: 2002-01-01 至 2004-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://researchdata.edu.au/otitis-media-indigenous-risk-factors/101165
• 关键词: Otitis; media; Indigenous; non; children

Otitis media (middle ear infections) is a major health problem in children. Many children suffer repeated attacks requiring frequent courses of antibiotics, some need surgery and some suffer serious consequences, particularly hearing loss. This can affect performance at school, hence employment and social circumstances in adulthood. Indigenous children suffer much higher rates of disease with more complications than non-Indigenous children. Many factors predispose to the heavy burden of disease. In the Kalgoorlie-Boulder area we are following Indigenous and non-Indigenous children from birth to 24 months to look at a broad range of factors in order to proceed as soon as possible to appropriate intervention programs. Samples from the back of the nose are collected to find out the relationship between carriage of a range of bacteria or viruses and risk of getting otitis media. Information on antibiotic resistance of the bacteria we isolate will assist in ensuring appropriate treatment of otitis media. We also collect a sample of breast milk from mothers and several samples of saliva to find out about the immune system of babies and how this relates to disease to assist in an ongoing program of vaccine development for prevention of otitis media. We will find out how environmental factors such as crowding or passive smoking relate to carriage of bacteria and whether a combination of different factors increase risk of disease. A new vaccine called pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, recently licensed in Australia, is highly effective in preventing severe diseases such as pneumonia and meningitis and affords some protection against ear infections. It is likely to be offered first to Indigenous children because they suffer very high rates of pneumococcal disease. The vaccine may alter the types of bacteria in the nose. This needs to be monitored carefully which will be possible during this study.

中耳炎（中耳感染）是儿童的主要健康问题。许多儿童反复发作，需要频繁使用抗生素，有些需要手术，有些则会造成严重后果，特别是听力损失。这会影响到学校的表现，从而影响到成年后的就业和社会环境。土著儿童的患病率比非土著儿童高得多，并发症也更多。许多因素使人容易患上沉重的疾病。在卡尔古利-博尔德地区，我们正在跟踪土著和非土著儿童从出生到24个月的情况，以了解各种因素，以便尽快实施适当的干预方案。从鼻子后部收集样本，以找出一系列细菌或病毒的携带与中耳炎风险之间的关系。关于我们分离的细菌的抗生素耐药性的信息将有助于确保中耳炎的适当治疗。我们还收集了母亲的母乳样本和几个唾液样本，以了解婴儿的免疫系统及其与疾病的关系，以协助正在进行的预防中耳炎的疫苗开发计划。我们将找出环境因素如拥挤或被动吸烟与细菌携带的关系，以及不同因素的组合是否会增加疾病的风险。一种名为肺炎球菌结合疫苗的新疫苗最近在澳大利亚获得许可，在预防肺炎和脑膜炎等严重疾病方面非常有效，并对耳部感染提供一定的保护。它可能首先提供给土著儿童，因为他们患肺炎球菌疾病的比率非常高。疫苗可能会改变鼻子里的细菌类型。这需要在本研究期间进行仔细监测。