Fatty acid desaturase activity, fish oil and colorectal cancer chemoprevention

脂肪酸去饱和酶活性、鱼油和结直肠癌化学预防

• 批准号: 8161975
• 负责人: Harvey J. Murff
• 金额: $ 30.01万
• 依托单位: VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-09-15 至 2015-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8161975
• 关键词: Acids; Adenomatous Polyps; Affinity; Alleles; Animal Model; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Anti-inflammatory; Apoptosis; Apoptotic; Arachidonic Acids; Attenuated; Biological; Biological Markers; C-reactive protein; Cancer Etiology; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cells; Chemopreventive Agent; Chronic; Colorectal Adenoma; Colorectal Cancer; Colorectal Neoplasms; Consumption; Diabetes Mellitus; Dietary Supplementation; Dinoprostone; Double-Blind Method; Eicosanoids; Eicosatrienoic Acid; Enzymes; Epithelial Cell Proliferation; Epithelial Cells; Fatty Acid Desaturases; Fatty Acids; Fish Oils; Fishes; Frequencies; Genes; Genetic; Genotype; Haplotypes; Homozygote; Human; In Situ Nick-End Labeling; Individual; Inflammation; Inflammatory; Label; Leptin; Linoleic Acids; Linolenic Acids; Malignant Neoplasms; Marines; Measures; Mental disorders; Metabolic Diseases; Metabolic syndrome; Mucous Membrane; Observational Study; Outcome Study; PTGS2 gene; Participant; Pathway interactions; Placebos; Play; Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids; Population; Process; Production; Proliferation Marker; Property; Prostaglandin E Receptor; Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthase; Publishing; Randomized Controlled Trials; Recruitment Activity; Recurrence; Relative (related person); Research Proposals; Risk; S-Phase Fraction; Second Primary Cancers; Supplementation; Testing; Tissues; United States; Variant; adenoma; adipokines; adiponectin; cancer chemoprevention; cancer prevention; cancer risk; eicosapentanoic acid; fatty acid biosynthesis; genetic variant; genome wide association study; in vivo; insulin sensitivity; mortality; neoplastic; primary outcome; prostaglandin E3; rectal; response; stearidonic acid; tumorigenesis

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Colorectal cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality within the United States. Animal models and observational studies have suggested that marine-derived n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids [PUFA] such as eicosapentanoic acid [EPA] and docosahexanoic acid [DHA] may reduce the risk of colorectal cancer. In addition, it may be the relative proportion of n-3 to n-6 PUFAs that best determines the chemopreventive effects of fish oils. This ratio is important because the n-6 PUFA, arachidonic acid (ARA), is converted via the cyclo-oxygenase pathway to prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), an inflammatory eicosanoid aberrantly produced in colorectal neoplasms while EPA is converted to the anti-inflammatory prostaglandin E3 (PGE3). While the ratio of n-6 to n-3 PUFAs can be manipulated through dietary measures, genetic factors may also influence this ratio. Recent genome-wide association and haplotype studies have demonstrated that up to 28% of the additive variance in tissue levels of ARA is explained by variants in a single gene, fatty acid desaturase 1 (FADS1). FADS1 is the rate-limiting enzyme in the conversion of linoleic acid, the most commonly consumed PUFA, to ARA, and homozygotes for the T allele (population frequency of 13%, HapMap -CEU) in rs174537 have lower fatty acid desaturase activity and subsequently lower tissue levels of ARA. Our hypothesis is that individuals with genetically determined lower activity of FADS1 will derive greater benefit from fish oil supplementation than individuals with higher FADS1 activity because of lower tissue levels of ARA and subsequently a more favorable n-6 to n-3 PUFA ratio. To test this hypothesis we will recruit 150 participants with recently identified adenomatous polyps and conduct a 6-month double blind 3 X 2 factorial randomized controlled trial. Our first factor will be FADS1 genotype (GG, GT, and TT) and our second factor will be fish oil supplementation (fish oil versus placebo). Our primary outcome will be the change in rectal epithelial cell proliferation as measured by Ki-67 labeling and rectal crypt apoptosis as measured by TUNEL. Secondary endpoints will include rectal epithelial cell expression of COX-2 and 15-PGDH, rectal cell production of PGE2 and PGE3, rectal mucosal tissue levels of fatty acids, and changes in biomarkers of inflammation (C-reactive protein), adipokines (leptin, adiponectin), and markers of insulin sensitivity. Our specific aims include: 1) to determine the efficacy of fish oil supplements on rectal epithelial cell proliferation indexes and markers of rectal crypt apoptosis, and 2) to determine the effect of genetically-determined fatty acid desaturase 1 activity on fish oil supplementation for colorectal cancer chemoprevention. Our long-term objectives are to determine genetic factors that might influence the efficacy of fish oil supplementation in order to conduct a more definitive adenoma recurrence trial using marine-derived n-3 PUFAs. We anticipate that fish oil will have anti-neoplastic effect and individuals with low FADS1 activity will have a greater response compared to individuals with high FADS1 activity. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Colorectal cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality within the United States. Fish oils may be beneficial for cancer chemoprevention through their anti-inflammatory properties, however; variations in genes related to polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis may attenuate these effects. This study will investigate the nutrigenomics of fish oil supplementation in colorectal cancer chemoprevention and may have implications beyond cancer prevention as fish oil is being actively investigated for cardiovascular, psychiatric and metabolic diseases.

描述（由申请人提供）：结直肠癌是美国癌症相关死亡的第二大原因。动物模型和观察研究表明，海洋来源的 n-3 多不饱和脂肪酸 [PUFA]，如二十碳五烯酸 [EPA] 和二十二碳六烯酸 [DHA] 可以降低结直肠癌的风险。此外，n-3 与 n-6 PUFA 的相对比例可能最能决定鱼油的化学预防作用。这个比例很重要，因为 n-6 PUFA、花生四烯酸 (ARA) 通过环加氧酶途径转化为前列腺素 E2 (PGE2)，前列腺素 E2 是结直肠肿瘤中异常产生的一种炎症类二十烷酸，而 EPA 则转化为抗炎性前列腺素 E3 (PGE3)。虽然 n-6 与 n-3 PUFA 的比例可以通过饮食措施来控制，但遗传因素也可能影响该比例。最近的全基因组关联和单倍型研究表明，ARA 组织水平中高达 28% 的附加变异是由单个基因脂肪酸去饱和酶 1 (FADS1) 的变异解释的。 FADS1 是亚油酸（最常消耗的 PUFA）转化为 ARA 的限速酶，rs174537 中 T 等位基因的纯合子（群体频率为 13%，HapMap -CEU）具有较低的脂肪酸去饱和酶活性，因此 ARA 的组织水平也较低。我们的假设是，基因决定的 FADS1 活性较低的个体将比 FADS1 活性较高的个体从鱼油补充剂中获得更大的益处，因为 ARA 的组织水平较低，因此 n-6 与 n-3 PUFA 的比例更有利。为了检验这一假设，我们将招募 150 名最近发现腺瘤性息肉的参与者，并进行为期 6 个月的双盲 3 X 2 析因随机对照试验。我们的第一个因素是 FADS1 基因型（GG、GT 和 TT），第二个因素是鱼油补充剂（鱼油与安慰剂）。我们的主要结果是通过 Ki-67 标记测量的直肠上皮细胞增殖的变化以及通过 TUNEL 测量的直肠隐窝凋亡的变化。次要终点包括直肠上皮细胞 COX-2 和 15-PGDH 的表达、直肠细胞 PGE2 和 PGE3 的产生、直肠粘膜组织脂肪酸水平以及炎症生物标志物（C 反应蛋白）、脂肪因子（瘦素、脂联素）和胰岛素敏感性标志物的变化。我们的具体目标包括：1) 确定鱼油补充剂对直肠上皮细胞增殖指数和直肠隐窝凋亡标志物的功效，2) 确定基因决定的脂肪酸去饱和酶 1 活性对补充鱼油用于结直肠癌化学预防的影响。我们的长期目标是确定可能影响鱼油补充剂功效的遗传因素，以便使用海洋来源的 n-3 PUFA 进行更明确的腺瘤复发试验。我们预计鱼油将具有抗肿瘤作用，并且与 FADS1 活性高的个体相比，FADS1 活性低的个体将产生更大的反应。 公共卫生相关性：结直肠癌是美国癌症相关死亡的第二大原因。然而，鱼油通过其抗炎特性可能有益于癌症的化学预防。与多不饱和脂肪酸生物合成相关的基因的变异可能会减弱这些影响。这项研究将研究补充鱼油在结直肠癌化学预防中的营养基因组学，并且可能具有超越癌症预防的意义，因为人们正在积极研究鱼油对心血管、精神和代谢疾病的治疗作用。