Web-Based Supervisor Training: Dealing with Employee Drug and Alcohol Abuse

描述(由申请人提供)：员工滥用酒精和药物(AOD)会给企业和行业带来许多代价高昂的问题，包括旷工、受伤、医疗保险索赔、生产力损失、员工士气、盗窃和死亡。美国公司每年遭受的损失总计1846亿美元。美国有1.5亿劳动力，其中10.5%的全职成年人和11.9%的兼职成年人被归类为药物依赖或滥用。据估计，7.06%的员工在工作日至少饮酒一次，8.10%的员工在工作前或工作日至少饮酒一次。主管是工作组的关键成员，可以影响同事通过员工援助计划或健康计划福利寻求帮助。研究已经确定了监管者的感知障碍，包括功能失调的容忍、使能、问题最小化和中和越轨。主管的信心也被认为是计划实施中的一个主要因素，包括推荐员工寻求适当的帮助。有相当多的证据表明，传统的主管培训并没有在工作场所产生长期可持续的结果。拟议项目的长期目标是开发一个基于网络的互动主管培训计划，该计划将：(1)降低主管对工作场所滥用酒精和其他药物的容忍度，(2)提高主管有效应对与滥用酒精和其他药物(AOD)相关的工作场所表现和行为问题的能力，以及(3)增加对问题员工进行早期干预的发生率。最终的产品将是一个基于网络的交互式培训计划，旨在解决传统AOD主管培训的缺点。我们将采用最先进的、经过经验验证的主管培训课程，并使用扎实建立在行为管理理论基础上的经过验证的有效概念框架。我们将结合成人学习的原则，当前关于培训转移的研究，以及针对电子学习而被证明有效的教学设计原则。在第一阶段，我们开发并测试了我们提出的基于网络的IMM培训计划的原型，发现了显著的效果和成功的高度可行性。在第二阶段，我们将制定全面的培训计划，并在大型随机试验中对其进行评估。为了实现第二阶段的目标，我们提出了三个具体目标：(1)通过收集形成性数据来确定关键利益相关者期望的最优项目特征、特征和内容；(2)使用迭代开发过程开发基于Web的主管培训计划；(3)通过对334名主管进行随机试验来评估主管培训计划的有效性。1 与公共健康相关：药物滥用仍然是美国最重要的公共健康问题之一。它给我们的医疗保健系统带来了许多代价高昂的问题，并导致或导致了70多种需要住院治疗的疾病。此外，药物滥用使大多数疾病的治疗复杂化，延长住院时间，增加发病率，并大幅增加医疗费用。酒精和其他药物的使用在生产率、缺勤、受伤、员工士气、盗窃、医疗保险索赔增加和死亡方面给雇主造成了1846亿美元的损失。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Alcohol and drug (AOD) abuse by employees causes many costly problems for business and industry including absenteeism, injuries, health insurance claims, loss of productivity, employee morale, theft, and fatalities. The loss to companies in the United States totals $184.6 billion a year. There are 150 million Americans in the labor force, of whom 10.5 percent of the full-time employed adults and 11.9 percent of the part-time employed adults were classified with substance dependence or abuse. An estimated 7.06 percent of the workforce used alcohol at least once during the workday, and 8.10 percent of the workforce used alcohol at least once either before work or during the workday. Supervisors are key members of the work group that can influence a co-worker to seek assistance through their employee assistance program or health plan benefit. Research has identified perceived barriers for supervisors including dysfunctional tolerance, enabling, problem minimization, and neutralization of deviance. Supervisor confidence has also been identified as a major factor in program implementation, including referring employees for appropriate assistance. There is considerable evidence to suggest that conventional supervisor training has not resulted in long-term sustainable outcomes in the workplace. The long term objective of the proposed project is to develop an interactive web-based supervisor training program that will: (1) reduce supervisor's tolerance for alcohol misuse and other drug use in the workplace, (2) increase supervisors' ability to effectively respond to workplace performance and behavior problems associated with the abuse of alcohol and other drugs (AOD), and (3) increase the incidence of early intervention for troubled employees. The finished product will be an interactive Web-based training program designed to address the shortcomings of conventional AOD supervisor trainings. We will adapt a state-of-the-art empirically-validated supervisor training curriculum, and use a proven-effective conceptual framework that is solidly based in behavioral management theory. We will incorporate principles of adult learning, current research on transfer of training, and proven-effective instructional design principles specific to e-Learning. In Phase I, we developed and tested a prototype of our proposed Web-based IMM training program and found significant effects and a high feasibility of success. In Phase II, we will develop the full-scope training program, and evaluate it in a large randomized trial. To accomplish the goals of Phase II, we propose three specific aims: (1) To determine optimal program characteristics, features and content desired by key stakeholders by collecting formative data, (2) develop a Web-based supervisor training program using an iterative development process, and (3) determine efficacy by evaluating the supervisor training program in a randomized trial with 334 supervisors. 1 PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Substance abuse remains one of the nation's most important public health problems. It results in many costly problems to our health care system and contributes to or causes more than 70 conditions that require hospitalization. Additionally, substance abuse complicates the treatment of most illnesses, prolongs hospital stays, increases morbidity, and sharply raises health care costs. Alcohol and other drug use creates a $184.6 billion loss for employers in productivity, absenteeism, injuries, employee morale, theft, increased health insurance claims, and fatalities.