Drug Abuse, Incarceration & Health Disparities in HIV/AIDS: A Longitudinal Study

药物滥用、监禁

• 批准号: 8109565
• 负责人: LINDA A TEPLIN
• 金额: $ 20万
• 依托单位: NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY AT CHICAGO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-03-15 至 2014-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8109565
• 关键词: 18 year old; AIDS/HIV problem; Academic achievement; Accounting; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Address; Admission activity; Adolescence; Adolescent; Adolescent Risk Behavior; Adult; Affect; African American; Age; Aging; Alcohol or Other Drugs use; Alcohols; Antibodies; Anus; Area; Authorization documentation; Back; Beds; Behavior; Biological Assay; Cervical dysplasia; Cessation of life; Characteristics; Chicago; Child; Child Abuse and Neglect; Chlamydia; Chlamydia trachomatis; Clinical; Cohort Studies; Communities; Complex; Contracts; County; Crime; Data; Decision Making; Dependence; Development; Drug Use Disorder; Drug abuse; Drug usage; Electronics; Employment; Enrollment; Enzyme Immunoassay; Epidemic; Epidemiology; Ethnic Origin; Ethnic group; Event; FDA approved; Female; Freedom; Frequencies; Funding; Gender; General Population; Genital system; Goals; Gonorrhea; Grant; HIV; HIV Infections; HIV-1; Health; Health Policy; Health Services; Healthy People 2010; Herpes Simplex Infections; Heterosexuals; Hispanics; Housing; Human Papillomavirus; Illicit Drugs; Illinois; Imprisonment; Incidence; Individual; Infant; Infection; Injecting drug user; Injection of therapeutic agent; Institute of Medicine (U.S.); Institutes; Intervention; Interview; Jail; Judgment; Justice; Kinetics; Knowledge; Lead; Length; Length of Stay; Life; Life Style; Liquid substance; Literature; Longitudinal Studies; Longitudinal Surveys; Mediating; Mediator of activation protein; Mental Health; Mental disorders; Methods; Minority; Minority Groups; Modeling; Monitor; NIH Program Announcements; National Institute of Drug Abuse; National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism; Needle Sharing; Needles; Neighborhoods; Neisseria gonorrhoeae; Not Hispanic or Latino; Onset of illness; Oral; Outcome; Participant; Patient Self-Report; Pattern; Persons; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Phase; Population; Prevalence; Prisons; Process; Public Health; Publishing; Race; Recommendation; Recording of previous events; Records; Recurrence; Reporting; Request for Applications; Research; Risk; Risk Assessment; Risk Behaviors; Risk Factors; Route; Saliva; Sampling; Screening procedure; Services; Sex Behavior; Sex Characteristics; Sexually Transmitted Diseases; Social Network; Social support; Solutions; Source; Specimen; Staging; Subgroup; Substance Use Disorder; Surgeon; Surveys; Syphilis; System; Techniques; Technology; Testing; Time; Trichomonas Infections; Ulcer; Underrepresented Minority; United States; United States National Institutes of Health; Unsafe Sex; Urine; Vagina; Viral hepatitis; Woman; Work; Youth; age difference; age group; aged; alcohol and other drug; alcohol use disorder; cooking; cost; deviant; emerging adulthood; experience; follow-up; health disparity; health record; high risk; high risk behavior; high risk sexual behavior; high school; innovation; interest; intravenous drug use; juvenile justice system; male; men who have sex with men; national surveillance; offender; parole; probation; prospective; public health relevance; racial and ethnic; racial and ethnic disparities; racial/ethnic difference; service utilization; sex; sex risk; statistics; surveillance data; surveillance study; transcription mediated amplification; transmission process; violent offender; young adult

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The overall goal of this project is to address how disproportionate confinement of racial/ethnic minorities-especially African Americans-affects health disparities in the HIV/AIDS epidemic. African Americans comprise only 13% of the general population, but about 40% of incarcerated youth and adults and 50% of new cases of HIV/AIDS. Yet, large multisite national longitudinal studies of HIV/AIDS focus on high- risk samples such as men who have sex with men (MACS), women infected with HIV and other "at-risk" females (WIHS), and infected women and their infants (WITS). These studies do not include adolescents, do not sample correctional populations, and do not examine the effect of incarceration on HIV/AIDS. Most studies of incarcerated populations are cross-sectional and provide limited information on the effects of incarceration. To continue to address this key omission in the literature, we propose to extend the Northwestern Juvenile Project, a longitudinal study of 1829 juvenile justice youth, enrolled at age 10-18 years (1172 males, 657 females; 1005 African Americans, 296 non-Hispanic whites, 524 Hispanics, and 4 "other" race/ethnicity). Currently, the HIV/AIDS component of the project (RO1 DA022953) includes only a subsample (n=743) and 10-, 11-, 12-, and 13-year follow-up interviews. We now propose to (1) study the entire sample (originally 1829, now 1678); (2) conduct 3 additional annual interviews (14-, 15-, and 16-year follow-ups), at which time participants will be aged 26-34 years; (3) collect official records to cross-validate self-reported data (on STI status, arrests, incarceration history, and services received); (4) test the entire sample for HIV infection, chlamydia, and gonorrhea; and (5) administer a new module on incarceration, release, and re-entry. Participants are re-interviewed whether they are re-incarcerated or back in the community. Using data collected in prior phases and the additional interviews, we will examine patterns of drug use, drug use disorder, HIV/AIDS risk and infection from adolescence (ages 10-17 years) to emerging adulthood (ages 18-24 years) and young adulthood (age 25 and older). Our Specific Aims focus on how incarceration, release, and re-entry (e.g., age[s] incarcerated, number of incarcerations, length of incarcerations, amount of time spent in the community between incarcerations) affect the following: (1) drug use behaviors (including the number and types of substances used, frequency of use, and route of administration) and drug use disorders (onset, persistence, desistance, and recurrence); (2) HIV/AIDS sex risk behaviors (including unprotected anal or vaginal receptive sex and trading sex for drugs) and injection-risk behaviors; (3) prevalence and incidence of HIV infection and other STIs; (4) the relationship between patterns of drug use and disorder and HIV/AIDS risk behaviors, especially how risk and protective factors predict, moderate, and mediate these relationships. This study responds to the initiatives of NIDA, NIAAA, and other NIH institutes to reduce health disparities in HIV/AIDS in minority populations.

描述（由申请人提供）：本项目的总体目标是解决种族/少数民族，特别是非洲裔美国人的不成比例的限制如何影响艾滋病毒/艾滋病流行的健康差距。非裔美国人仅占总人口的13%，但约40%的被监禁青年和成年人以及50%的艾滋病毒/艾滋病新发病例。然而，对艾滋病毒/艾滋病的大型多地点国家纵向研究集中于高风险样本，如男男性行为者（MACS）、感染艾滋病毒的妇女和其他“高危”女性（WIHS）以及受感染的妇女及其婴儿（WITS）。这些研究不包括青少年，不对教养人口进行抽样，也不审查监禁对艾滋病毒/艾滋病的影响。大多数对被监禁人口的研究是跨部门的，提供的关于监禁影响的信息有限。 为了继续解决这一关键遗漏的文献，我们建议延长西北青少年项目，纵向研究1829少年司法青年，年龄在10-18岁（1172男性，657女性; 1005非裔美国人，296非西班牙裔白人，524西班牙裔，和4个“其他”种族/民族）。目前，该项目的艾滋病毒/艾滋病部分（RO 1 DA 022953）仅包括一个子样本（n=743）和10年、11年、12年和13年的随访访谈。我们现在建议（1）研究整个样本（原1829人，现1678人）;（2）每年增加3次面谈（14年、15年和16年随访），此时参与者的年龄为26-34岁;（3）收集官方记录以交叉验证自我报告的数据（关于性传播感染状况、逮捕、监禁历史和接受的服务）;（4）测试整个样本的艾滋病毒感染、衣原体和淋病;（5）管理一个关于监禁、释放和重返社会的新模块。无论参与者是重新被监禁还是回到社区，他们都会再次接受采访。利用在前几个阶段收集的数据和额外的访谈，我们将研究从青少年（10-17岁）到成年初显期（18-24岁）和青年期（25岁及以上）的吸毒模式，吸毒障碍，艾滋病毒/艾滋病风险和感染。我们的具体目标侧重于如何监禁，释放和重返社会（例如，被监禁的年龄、监禁次数、监禁时间、监禁期间在社区中度过的时间）影响以下方面：（1）药物使用行为（包括所用物质的数量和类型、使用频率和给药途径）和药物使用障碍（2）艾滋病危险性行为（包括无保护的肛交或阴道接受性行为和以性换取毒品）和注射危险行为;（3）HIV感染和其他性传播感染的流行和发病率;（4）药物使用和障碍模式与HIV/AIDS危险行为之间的关系，特别是风险和保护因素如何预测、调节和介导这些关系。 这项研究响应NIDA，NIAAA和其他NIH研究所的倡议，以减少少数民族人群中艾滋病毒/艾滋病的健康差距。