Response Inhibition Training in Smoking Cessation

戒烟反应抑制训练

• 批准号: 8701611
• 负责人: Robert Daniel Dvorak
• 金额: $ 21.57万
• 依托单位: NORTH DAKOTA STATE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-05-15 至 2016-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8701611
• 关键词: Abstinence; Adult; Affect; Affective; Age; Alcohol or Other Drugs use; Area; Attenuated; Behavior; Behavior Control; Behavioral; Benign; Cause of Death; Cognitive; Coronary heart disease; Cues; Data; Development; Devices; Disease; Electronics; Expectancy; Health Care Costs; Image; Individual; Intervention; Marketing; Mediating; Medical; Modeling; Monitor; Motivation; Participant; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Premature Mortality; Principal Investigator; Process; Public Health; Relapse; Reporting; Research; Risk; Risk Factors; Signal Transduction; Smoke; Smoker; Smoking; Stroke; Technology; Telephone; Testing; Time; Training; Training Programs; Treatment Cost; Withdrawal; addiction; base; cigarette smoking; cost; cost effective; craving; design; disorder later incidence prevention; handheld mobile device; health related quality of life; improved; indexing; novel; physical conditioning; programs; psychologic; public health relevance; public health research; response; smoking cessation; success; tool

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Smoking is the leading preventable cause of death and disease in the U.S. Each year approximately 30% of smokers try to quit, with the vast majority of attempts (~90%) ending in relapse. This is complicated by treatment barriers related to cost and accessibility. Identifying cost effective ways to aide in cessation success, which can be widely disseminated, remains vitally important. According to the dual-process model of substance use, addiction develops via an imbalance between effortful control and automatic psychological processes. The affective processing model suggests that during withdrawal, automatic psychological processes increase implicit drug seeking motivation. Implicit motivation is hypothesized as the underlying mechanism through which automatic psychological processes exert control over behavior. Research suggests that behavioral impulse control may attenuate the association between implicit motivation and substance use. Response inhibition, one form of behavioral impulse control, is the ability to inhibit behavioral responses to salient approach cues. Smokers tend to have less behavioral impulse control. In addition, poor behavioral impulse control makes individuals more vulnerable to various risk factors associated with relapse (e.g., positive expectancies, higher craving during abstinence, etc.). Improving smoking relevant behavioral impulse control may affect multiple indices of relapse. Research in cognitive retraining has shown that response inhibition can be modified through training. Recently this has been extended to training using mobile devices. The development of mobile interventions which specifically target underlying mechanisms of addiction may provide a novel adjunct to current cessation programs. The current proposal builds on previous research by implementing a response inhibition training paradigm in the context of a cessation trial. It is hypothesized that this task will reduce the likelihood of relapse following a quit attempt. Furthermore, it is hypothesized that training effects will operate via decreases in implicit motivation and global craving. If successful, the current study will provide evidence for a relapse prevention tool that can (1) increase overall cessation success and (2) be widely and easily dispersed.

描述（由申请人提供）：在美国，吸烟是导致死亡和疾病的主要可预防原因，每年约有30%的吸烟者试图戒烟，绝大多数尝试（约90%）以复发告终。与费用和可获得性有关的治疗障碍使这一问题更加复杂。确定具有成本效益的方法来帮助戒烟成功，这可以广泛传播，仍然至关重要。根据物质使用的双过程模型，成瘾是通过努力控制和自动心理过程之间的不平衡发展起来的。情感加工模型表明，在戒断过程中，自动心理过程增加了内隐觅药动机。内隐动机被认为是自动心理过程控制行为的潜在机制。研究表明，行为冲动控制可能会削弱内隐动机和物质使用之间的联系。反应抑制是行为冲动控制的一种形式，是抑制对显着接近线索的行为反应的能力。吸烟者往往对行为冲动的控制能力较弱。此外，不良的行为冲动控制使个体更容易受到与复发相关的各种风险因素的影响（例如，积极的期望，禁欲期间更高的渴望等）。改善吸烟相关的行为冲动控制可能会影响复吸的多个指标。认知再训练的研究表明，反应抑制可以通过训练得到改善。最近，这已经扩展到使用移动的设备的训练。专门针对成瘾潜在机制的移动的干预措施的发展可能为当前的戒烟计划提供一种新的辅助手段。目前的建议建立在以前的研究，通过实施反应抑制训练范式的背景下，停止试验。据推测，这项任务将减少戒烟尝试后复发的可能性。此外，它是假设，培训效果将通过减少内隐动机和全球的渴望。如果成功，目前的研究将为复发预防工具提供证据，该工具可以（1）增加整体戒烟成功率，（2）广泛且易于分散。