The role of cognitive abilities in stress induced drinking

认知能力在压力诱发饮酒中的作用

• 批准号: 7748369
• 负责人: Robert Daniel Dvorak
• 金额: $ 3.04万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH DAKOTA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-08-04 至 2011-08-03
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7748369
• 关键词: Acute; Affect; Affective; Aggressive behavior; Alcohol abuse; Alcohol consumption; Alcohol dependence; Alcoholic Intoxication; Alcohols; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Anxiety; Attention; Behavior; Cognitive; Complex; Consumption; DSM-IV; Development; Diagnostic; Diffuse; Etiology; Event; Expectancy; Future; Goals; Grant; Impairment; Individual; Individual Differences; Informal Social Control; Intercept; Intoxication; Lead; Link; Longitudinal Studies; Lubrication; Mosses; Myopia; Persons; Population; Populations at Risk; Predisposition; Prevalence; Preventive Intervention; Problem Solving; Process; Public Health; Research; Research Personnel; Risk; Risk Behaviors; Role; Self Medication; Short-Term Memory; Sorting - Cell Movement; Stress; Students; Testing; Time; United States Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration; Wood material; alcohol behavior; alcohol consequences; alcohol effect; alcohol related problem; alcohol response; alcohol use disorder; biological adaptation to stress; cognitive function; cognitive reserve; college; college drinking; depression; drinking; executive function; experience; improved; intervention program; meetings; public health relevance; research study; response; sex risk; social; stressor; theories; university student; use alcohol to cope

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): College students are at an increased risk for alcohol related problems due to an increased prevalence of alcohol consumption among this population (Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration [SAMHSA], 2008). College is a time of considerable change and adjustment. During this time students are exposed to numerous stressors they had not previously encountered (Hudd et al., 2000). Negative affective experiences (e.g., stress, depression, anxiety, etc.) are highly prevalent among the college student populations (Pritchard, Wilson, & Yamnitz, 2007). Several theories of alcohol use (e.g., tension-reduction, stress response dampening, and self-medication) have suggested that alcohol exerts a "dampening" effect on anxiety. The alleviation of anxiety is posited to negatively reinforce further alcohol use (see Greeley & Oei, 1999). Executive cognitive functioning (ECF) has been linked to decreased consumption as well as problems; however, these results have been mixed. ECF may have diffuse effects on alcohol behavior due to its association with adaptive self-regulation. Individual differences in cognitive functioning may act as a sort of reserve, reducing susceptibility to the "myopic" effects of alcohol. Alternatively, specific components of cognitive functioning, such as sustained attention (SA), may serve to enhance alcohol's effects on reducing anxiety via cognitive mechanisms. SA may thus increase the likelihood of consumption in response to anxiety, however, the amount consumed may be diminished due to the effect of sustained attention enhancing the anxiolytic effects of alcohol. Negative consequences of alcohol may be reduced in individuals with better SA and ECF in part due to individuals becoming less intoxicated and in part due to reducing the likelihood of problematic behavior at a given level of intoxication. The long-term aim of this project is to advance theoretical understanding of the role of cognitive abilities. In particular executive cognitive functions and sustained attention, in the etiology of stress induced alcohol use and associated problems. The proposed study will use ecological momentary assessment to examine between- and within- person associations between anxiety, alcohol use and problems, and cognitive abilities. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The public health implications include a broad understanding of etiological cognitive factors leading to hazardous college student drinking. Further implications include identification of "at risk" populations prior to the development of alcohol use disorders.

描述（由申请人提供）：由于这一人群中酒精消费的流行率增加，大学生酒精相关问题的风险增加（药物滥用和精神卫生服务管理局[SAMHSA]，2008）。大学是一个充满变化和调整的时期。在这段时间里，学生们暴露在许多他们以前没有遇到过的压力源中（Hudd等人，2000）。消极的情感体验（例如，压力、抑郁、焦虑等）在大学生群体中非常普遍（Pritchard，Wilson和Yamnitz，2007）。酒精使用的几种理论（例如，减少紧张、减轻压力反应和自我药疗）已经表明酒精对焦虑发挥“抑制”作用。焦虑的缓解被认为会消极地加强进一步的酒精使用（见格里利和Oei，1999）。执行认知功能（ECF）与消费减少以及问题有关;然而，这些结果好坏参半。由于ECF与适应性自我调节有关，它可能对酒精行为产生扩散效应。认知功能的个体差异可能会作为一种储备，减少对酒精“近视”效应的敏感性。或者，认知功能的特定成分，如持续注意力（SA），可能有助于增强酒精通过认知机制减少焦虑的作用。因此，SA可能会增加响应焦虑的消费的可能性，然而，由于持续注意力增强酒精的抗焦虑作用，消费量可能会减少。酒精的负面影响可能会减少个人与更好的SA和ECF部分是由于个人变得不那么中毒，部分是由于减少了问题行为的可能性在给定的中毒水平。该项目的长期目标是促进对认知能力作用的理论理解。特别是执行认知功能和持续的注意力，在病因学的压力引起的酒精使用和相关问题。这项拟议中的研究将使用生态瞬时评估来检查人与人之间和人与人之间焦虑、饮酒和问题以及认知能力之间的联系。 公共卫生相关性：公共卫生的影响，包括病因认知因素的广泛理解，导致危险的大学生饮酒。进一步的影响包括确定“风险”人口之前，酒精使用障碍的发展。