African American Female Drug Users: HIV, Health Disparities, & Criminality

这项研究的总体目标是了解吸毒和犯罪与健康差距的关系， 特别是艾滋病毒，以及非洲裔美国吸毒和非吸毒妇女对服务的利用， 刑事司法地位。虽然美国各种族群体的吸毒情况相似，但非洲裔美国人 不成比例地更有可能经历严重的健康后果和犯罪参与， 药物滥用的结果。非裔美国女性罪犯可能得不到足够的医疗保健 因为他们经历了他们的种族，阶级，性别和犯罪者身份的负担。存在有限 科学数据，以帮助了解健康差距之间的联系，如艾滋病毒，未经治疗的药物滥用， 服务利用的障碍，以及作为非裔美国女性的犯罪者的地位。本研究 重要的是，它有可能确定不同群体之间在健康差距和服务利用方面的差异， 非裔美国人吸毒和不吸毒妇女在特定刑事司法级别的地位（密集 惩教监管-监狱（n=200），中度惩教监管-监狱（n=200），社区 监督缓刑（n=200），没有刑事司法参与（n=200））。所有800名非裔美国女性 将进行为期3个6个月的逻辑随访，以检查健康状况和卫生服务的使用情况 穿越时空具体目标是：（1）描述非洲人健康问题的普遍性， 美国妇女的刑事司法状况和毒品使用状况;（2）确定文化， 易感性，历史健康状况和潜在的有利因素，这些因素是健康问题的预测因素， 18个月以上的非裔美国吸毒和非吸毒妇女的刑事司法状况;（3） 描述未经治疗的健康问题的流行率，卫生服务利用的模式， 非裔美国妇女在刑事司法地位和毒品方面利用服务的文化障碍 利用现状;（4）研究影响非洲人利用卫生服务可能性的因素 美国吸毒和非吸毒妇女在18个月内的刑事司法状况。的 这项研究的意义包括有可能为卫生规划提供刑事司法系统一级的数据 预防、干预和治疗非裔美国女性吸毒者的卫生政策。这项研究对公共卫生领域具有重要意义，因为它有可能了解健康的严重程度 非裔美国妇女在刑事司法状况和毒品使用状况方面的差异， 长期的健康状况和保健服务的使用情况。非洲裔美国女性的这种知识可以 作为今后刑事司法系统一级干预措施的基础， 卫生保健，从而减少对昂贵的医疗服务的需求，并降低艾滋病毒的风险 包括吸毒、无保护措施的性行为和累犯。

The overall goal of this study is to understand how drug use and criminality are related to health disparities, particularly HIV, and service utilization among African American drug using and non-drug using women across criminal justice status. While drug use is similar across racial groups in the US, African Americans are disproportionately more likely to experience severe health consequences and criminal involvemement as a result of drug misuse. Adequate health care may not be received by African American female offenders because they experience the burden of their race, class, gender, and criminal offender status. There is limited scientific data to help understand the linkages between health disparities such as HIV, untreated drug abuse, barriers to service utilization, and status as a criminial offender among African American females. This study is significant because of its potential to identify differences in health disparities and service utilization among African American drug using and non-drug using women in selected levels of criminal justice status (intensive correctional supervision-prison (n=200), moderate correctional supervision-jail (n=200), community supervision-probation (n=200), and no criminal justice involvement (n=200)). All 800 African American females will be followed logitudinally for three 6-month intervals to examine health status and the use of health services across time. The specific aims are: (1) To describe the prevalence of health problems among African American women across criminal justice status and drug use status; (2) To determine the cultural, predisposing, historical health, and potential enabling factors that are predictors of health problems among African American drug using and non-drug using women across criminal justice status over 18 months; (3) To describe the prevalence of untreated health problems, the patterns of health services utilization, and the cultural barriers to service utilization among African American women across criminal justice status and drug use status; and (4) To examine the factors that predict the likelihood of using health services among African American drug using and non-drug using women across criminal justice status over 18 months. The significance of this study includes the potential to provide criminal justice systems-level data for health planning and health policy for prevention, intervention, and treatment of African American female drug users. This study is significant to the public health field because of its potential to understand the severity of health disparities among African American women across criminal justice status and drug use status and to predict health status and the use of health services over time. This knowledge of African American females can be used as a foundation for future criminal justice systems-level interventions to increase the use of preventative health care and subsequently reduce the need for expensive medical services, as well as to decrease HIV risk behaviors including drug use, unprotected sex, and recidivism.