Genomic analysis of adaptation in Drosophila

描述（由申请人提供）：自达尔文发表《物种起源》以来，对适应的探索一直是进化生物学研究的基石。尽管有这么长的研究历史，但适应的遗传基础直到最近才得到全面的研究，主要是因为直到最近，必要的遗传和基因组技术都是不可用的。具有高迁移率的物种适应的一个特征是同一物种种群之间的遗传分化。在这种情况下，不同环境中的局部选择足以克服基因流动的均质化力。提出的工作旨在探索遗传模型系统中沿纬度线的适应基因组学，果蝇。这项工作将使用微阵列分析、DNA测序和遗传学来描述受空间变化选择影响的黑腹龙基因变异（以及相关表型）。公共卫生相关性：该项目的目标是利用基因组技术、群体遗传学方法和遗传分析来了解果蝇基因组中影响配子体发生、减数分裂和DNA修复相关表型的变异。这些方法最终可能用于人类。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The exploration of adaptation has been a keystone of evolutionary biology research since Darwin published Origin of Species. Despite this long history of investigation, the genetic basis of adaptation has only recently been studied in a comprehensive manner, primarily because until recently, the necessary genetic and genomic technologies were unavailable. One signature of adaptation in species with high migration rates is genetic differentiation between populations of the same species. In such cases, local selection in different environments is strong enough to overcome the homogenizing force of gene flow. The proposed work seeks to explore the genomics of adaptation along latitudinal clines in the genetic model system, Drosophila melanogaster. The work will use microarray analysis, DNA sequencing, and genetics, to describe variation in genes (and the associated phenotypes) influenced by spatially varying selection in D. melanogaster. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The goal of this project is to use genomic technologies, population genetic approaches, and genetic analysis to understand variation in the Drosophila genome affecting phenotypes related to gametogenesis, meiosis and DNA repair. These approaches could eventually be used in human populations.