Social Networks and Well-being in Late Life: A Study of Daily Mechanisms

社交网络与晚年幸福：日常机制研究

• 批准号: 8964085
• 负责人: KAREN L FINGERMAN
• 金额: $ 63.9万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-09-15 至 2020-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8964085
• 关键词: Acquaintances; Address; Age; Behavior; Buffers; Child; Cognitive; Complex; Data Collection; Elderly; Emotional; Family; Feeling; Fostering; Friends; Future; Gender; Handheld Computers; Health; Health Benefit; Individual; Interview; Investigation; Language; Life; Link; Measures; Mediating; Mental Health; Methodology; Modality; Moods; Names; Participant; Pathway interactions; Patient Self-Report; Pattern; Personal Satisfaction; Persons; Physical activity; Portraits; Process; Property; Reaction; Reporting; Research; Research Personnel; Resources; Role; Social Functioning; Social Interaction; Social Network; Social support; Socioeconomic Status; Spouses; Staging; Symptoms; Telephone; Text; Time; base; community organizations; daily functioning; emotional experience; experience; follow-up; improved; innovation; insight; intimate behavior; member; novel; physical conditioning; public health relevance; sedentary; social; social group; stressor; theories

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Strong social networks (e.g., family, friends, and acquaintances) exert positive effects on older adults' emotional, cognitive, and physical health. Social engagement theory suggests that interacting with close ties and social groups leads to everyday activities that benefit health. Yet, gaping holes remain in understanding how social networks foster well-being via interactions and behaviors in daily life. Different social partners may serve complementary functions. The proposed study addresses three important questions: 1) Do older adults who report a greater variety of social ties engage in more diverse social interactions throughout the day? 2) Do social partners serve distinct global (e.g., social support) and daily functions (e.g., conversations and physical activity throughout the day)? 3) Are these patterns of social networks and activities associated with daily and overall well-being? The proposed study includes an initial interview assessing global properties of close ties and well-being and daily processes among older adults (N = 300). The study will use cutting edge modes of data collection throughout the day over four days: self-reports of social interactions collected via handheld computers, recorded conversations (via electronically activated recordings, EAR), and physical activity measured via actigraphs. The proposed research will address older adults' social, emotional, cognitive, and physical experiences in the following three aims: Aim 1 will examine links between reports of the social network and social partners encountered in daily life. Individuals who report large social networks may interact with some of those social partners on a daily basis, but also report ties to social partners with whom they have infrequent contact. The study considers several modalities of contact (phone, in person, text). Aim 2 will assess how daily social interactions (incorporating relationship type, intimacy of tie, variety of interactions) are associated with daily cognitive, physical, and emotional experiences. A functionalist perspective suggests different social partners serve distinct functions. Aim 3 will examine associations between social networks, daily experiences, and daily well-being and global well-being. Interacting with a variety of social partners may be beneficial for daily mood, and physical symptoms. We also ask whether daily activities (e.g., conversations, physical activity) mediate associations between social networks and well-being. Across aims, we will consider correlates of social networks and daily activities: socioeconomic status (SES), gender, and age. Innovation and impact: Prior research has relied primarily on self-reports of close partners. This study will provide a novel investigation of how such reports are associated with daily social interactions, physical activity, and cognitive activity in everyday life. Researchers have documented the critical role of social ties on health for over three decades, but the proposed study will be the first to examine how social partners contribute to emotional, physical and cognitive experiences and to daily and global well-being. This study sets a stage for future longitudinal follow up of these participants and important information aimed at improving the social lives of older adults.

 描述(申请人提供)：强大的社交网络(如家人、朋友和熟人)对老年人的情绪、认知和身体健康产生积极影响。社会参与理论认为，与亲密的关系和社会团体互动会带来有益于健康的日常活动。然而，在理解社交网络如何通过日常生活中的互动和行为来促进幸福感方面，仍然存在巨大的漏洞。不同的社会伙伴可以发挥互补的作用。这项拟议的研究解决了三个重要问题：1)报告社会关系种类更多的老年人是否全天参与更多样化的社会互动？2)社会伴侣是否提供不同的全球服务(例如，社会支持) 和日常功能(例如，全天的对话和身体活动)？3)这些社交网络和活动模式与日常和整体幸福感相关吗？这项拟议的研究包括一次初步访谈，评估老年人的亲密关系和幸福感以及日常生活过程的全球特性(N=300)。这项研究将在四天的时间里使用最先进的数据收集模式：收集的社交互动自我报告 通过手持计算机，记录的对话(通过电子激活的录音，耳朵)，和通过活动记录仪测量的身体活动。这项拟议的研究将从以下三个方面探讨老年人的社交、情感、认知和身体体验：目标1将研究日常生活中遇到的社交网络和社交伙伴报告之间的联系。报告大型社交网络的个人可能会每天与其中一些社交伙伴互动，但也会报告与他们不经常联系的社交伙伴的关系。这项研究考虑了几种联系方式(电话、面对面、短信)。目标2将评估日常社会互动(包括关系类型、关系亲密度、各种互动)与日常认知、身体和情感体验的关系。功能主义观点认为，不同的社会伴侣发挥着不同的功能。《目标3》将考察社交网络、日常体验以及日常幸福感和全球幸福感之间的联系。与不同的社交伙伴互动可能对日常情绪和身体症状都有好处。我们还询问日常活动(例如，对话、身体活动)是否在社交网络和幸福感之间起到中介作用。在AIMS中，我们将考虑社交网络和日常活动的相关性：社会经济地位(SES)、性别和年龄。创新和影响：以前的研究主要依赖于亲密合作伙伴的自我报告。这项研究将提供一项新的调查，研究这些报告如何与日常社会互动、身体活动和日常生活中的认知活动相关联。三十多年来，研究人员一直在记录社会关系对健康的关键作用，但这项拟议中的研究将首次考察社会伴侣如何为情感、身体和认知体验以及日常和全球福祉做出贡献。这项研究为未来对这些参与者的纵向跟踪和旨在改善老年人社会生活的重要信息奠定了基础。