Training in Cognitive Function and Neuroimaging of Smoking-Related Cues

描述（由申请人提供）：这是一份通过K01指导研究科学家发展奖机制获得5年资助的申请。申请人希望通过人类认知神经成像和临床研究的指导职业发展计划来扩展她主要的临床前研究培训背景。申请人的长期目标是成为一名独立的研究者，熟练的认知神经成像进行药物滥用研究，目的是开发新的方法来个性化药物滥用治疗。培训计划包括实践研究、课程作业、实验室轮转、与建议的导师/顾问进行一对一培训、期刊俱乐部、参加国家和国际科学会议以及负责任的研究行为培训。该计划的研究部分将允许申请人实施新开发的技能，以进一步调查复发的预测因素以及这些预测因素之间的相互作用。本提案中概述的三个实验将在尼古丁依赖的吸烟者中使用标准和功能磁共振成像版本的认知测试。申请人首先要学会进行标准的认知测试，以确定对吸烟线索的故意偏见与冲动性之间的关系，这是预测复发脆弱性的行为测量。接下来，申请人将学习使用fMRI版本的吸烟情绪Stroop （SES）任务和多源干扰任务（MSIT）。SES任务测量吸烟词存在故意偏见的程度，MSIT任务测量一般注意力。然后，申请人将学习使用fMRI版本的延迟匹配样本任务，以确定维持吸烟刺激和维持中性刺激的工作记忆的大脑区域是否不同。这些功能磁共振成像任务需要不同设计和分析方法的培训，这将培养申请人处理和实施不同设计的功能磁共振成像任务的能力，这将使她将来能够独立设计和实施其他认知神经成像范式。除了进行标准和功能磁共振成像版本的认知评估所需的技能外，申请人还将接受人类临床研究方法（例如，进行一系列心理测试）的培训，以筛选和分类研究参与者。这将允许申请人为未来的R01拨款申请设计更多临床相关的研究。拟议的指导培训计划将使申请人能够领导未来的研究，这些研究旨在使用标准和功能磁共振成像版本的认知评估来表征认知、脑功能和吸烟复发风险之间的联系，这可能指导戒烟和复发预防研究。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This is a request for 5 years of funding through the K01 Mentored Research Scientist Development Award mechanism. The applicant proposes to extend her primarily preclinical research training background with a mentored career development program in human cognitive neuroimaging and clinical research. The applicant's long-term goal is to become an independent investigator skilled in cognitive neuroimaging to conduct substance abuse research with the aim of developing new methods to personalize substance abuse treatment. The training plan includes hands-on research, course work, laboratory rotations, one-on-one training sessions with proposed mentors/consultants, journal clubs, attendance at national and international scientific meetings, and training in responsible conduct of research. The program's research component will permit the applicant to implement newly developed skills to further investigate predictors of relapse and the interaction between such predictors. The 3 experiments outlined in this proposal will use standard and fMRI versions of cognitive tests in nicotine-dependent smokers. The applicant first will learn to conduct standard cognitive testing to determine the relationship between intentional bias to smoking cues and impulsivity, behavioral measures that predict relapse vulnerability. Next, the applicant will learn to use fMRI versions the smoking emotional Stroop (SES) task and the multisource interference task (MSIT). The SES task measures the extent to which an intentional bias exists for smoking words and the MSIT task measures general attention. The applicant then will learn to use an fMRI version of the delay match to sample task to determine whether brain areas maintaining working memory for smoking stimuli differ from those maintaining neutral stimuli. These fMRI tasks require training in different design and analysis methods, which will develop the applicant's ability to work with and implement fMRI tasks of different designs, which in future will enable her to independently design and implement other cognitive neuroimaging paradigms. In addition to the skills required to conduct standard and fMRI versions of cognitive assessments, the applicant will be trained in human clinical research methods (e.g., conducting a range of psychometric tests) for screening and classification of research participants. This will allow the applicant to design more clinically relevant research for future R01 grant applications. The proposed mentored training plan will position the applicant to lead future studies designed to use standard and fMRI versions of cognitive assessments to characterize links between cognition, brain function, and relapse risk to smoking, which may guide smoking cessation and relapse prevention research.