Commensal microbes and sexual dimorphism in autoimmunity

许多主要的自身免疫性疾病都是性二型的。系统性红斑狼疮 硬皮病、多发性硬化症、干燥综合征、甲状腺自身免疫性疾病等 主要发生在女性身上。在自发性1型糖尿病的小鼠模型中(非肥胖糖尿病中的T1D， 点头，老鼠)这种疾病在雌性中更强。一项对世界各地的诺德殖民地的调查发现，不仅 T1D的总体发病率在不同机构之间差异很大，但女性/男性的发病率比 多种多样。这种可变性表明，一些不容易解释的因素明显影响了这种疾病。 进步。在包括我们在内的其他机构，男性的发病率甚至更低(30周时约为15%-20%)， 而女性的发病率约为65%-80%。作为微生物作用研究的一部分 在T1D发育的环境中，我们已经将NOD小鼠重新衍生到无菌(无菌)条件下。我们 意识到这些小鼠不再表现出性别二型性！这意味着荷尔蒙(清楚地显示 参与)和微生物区系以某种方式相互作用，影响疾病的进展。我们的Main 假说认为荷尔蒙和微生物产物共同作用(双信号假说)诱导 男性对T1D的耐受性。初步分析揭示了干扰素-伽马在保护男性方面的作用 来自T1D。有人建议通过各种方法来检验这一假设，其中包括无菌殖民 小鼠具有明确的微生物区系、遗传方法和基因表达分析。我们还将测试是否 在一种常见的SLE基因复杂的小鼠模型中，系统免疫也具有性别二型性，因为 微生物的存在。因此，有两个具体目标： 具体目标1.研究使NOD雄虫对T1D更具抗性的效应机制。 我们将测试特定微生物谱系在控制性二型性方面的作用； 我们将利用基因表达和基因表达来研究参与耐受诱导的信号通路和细胞类型 遗传方法。 我们将研究性激素的操作如何影响微生物的组成和功能； 我们将使用基因表达分析来描绘激素依赖的重要信号通路 控制微生物区系。 具体目的3.研究SLE小鼠模型中的性二型性是否依赖于 微生物。 我们将研究微生物区系在NZBWF1小鼠无菌诱导和性二型性分化中的作用 环境。

Many of major autoimmune diseases are sexually dimorphic. Sytemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), scleroderma, multiple sclerosis, Sjogren's syndrome, autoimmune diseases of thyroid gland and others are primarily occurring in females. In a mouse model of spontaneous type 1 diabetes (T1D in non obese diabetic, NOD, mice) the disease is stronger in females. A survey of NOD colonies around the world found that not only overall incidence of T1D varied greatly between different facilities, but that the female/male incidence ratio varied. The variability suggests that some factors that cannot be easily accounted for clearly affect the disease progression. In other facilities, including ours, the incidence in males is even lower (about 15-20% at 30 wks), whereas the incidence in females is around 65-80%. As a part of the studies of the role of microbial environment on T1D development, we have rederived NOD mice into germ-free (sterile) conditions. We realized that these mice no longer showed sexual dimorphism! That means that the hormones (clearly shown to be involved) and the microbiota are interacting in some way that affects the disease progression. Our main hypothesis suggests that the hormones and microbial products act together (dual-signal hypothesis) to induce tolerance to T1D in males. Preliminary analysis has revealed a role for Interferon-gamma in protection of males from T1D. It is proposed to test the hypothesis by a variety of approaches including colonization of germ-free mice with defined microbiota, genetic approach and gene expression analysis. We will also to test whether systemic immunity in a common genetically complex mouse model of SLE is also sexually dimorphic because of the presence of microbes. Accordingly, two specific aims are: Specific Aim 1. Investigate the effector mechanisms that make NOD males more resistant to T1D. We will test the role of specific microbial lineages in controlling sexual dimorphism; We will study the signaling pathway and cell types involved in tolerance induction using gene-expression and genetic approaches. We will study how manipulations of sex hormones affect microbial composition and functions; We will use gene expression analysis to delineate signaling pathways important for hormone-dependent control over microbiota. Specific Aim 3. Investigate whether sexual dimorphism in a mouse model of SLE is dependent on microbes. We will study the role of microbiota in induction and sexual dimorphism in NZBWF1 mice in germ-free environment.