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NEUROECONOMICS OF COGNITIVE EFFORT

认知努力的神经经济学

基本信息

批准号：
8970538
负责人：
TODD S BRAVER
金额：
$ 26.69万
依托单位：
WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2015
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2015-05-18 至 2017-02-28
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8970538
关键词：
Academic achievement Address Anterior Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder Base of the Brain Behavior Control Behavioral Brain region Clinical Cognitive Communication Decision Making Diagnosis Dimensions Disease Economics Experimental Designs Failure Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Goals Impairment Individual Individual Differences Intelligence Tests Intervention Knowledge Literature Major Depressive Disorder Measures Mental Depression Mental disorders Methodology Methods Monitor Motivation Outcome Participant Pattern Performance Physical Efforts Play Prefrontal Cortex Procedures Psyche structure Psychopathology Relative (related person)Research Rewards Risk Role Sampling Studies Schizophrenia Series Task Performances Testing Validation Variant Ventral Striatum Work base behavioral economics cingulate cortex clinical decision-making cognitive capacity cognitive control cognitive function cognitive load cognitive task cost discounting experience indexing innovation interest neuroeconomics neuromechanism novel novel strategies public health relevance relating to nervous system stem success tool trait willingness

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Cognitive effort is emerging as increasingly important construct in a diverse set of literature ranging from predictors of everyday outcomes (e.g. academic achievement), to psychopathology, to fundamental principles of behavioral control. Effort may be particularly important, for example, for understanding disorders of anergia and amotivation. It may explain why individuals with major depression demonstrate intact performance on low effort tasks, yet perform below average on demanding tasks. Yet, despite rapidly growing interest, very little is understood about cognitive effort. Limited understanding stems from imprecise definitions and impoverished methodological frameworks. We propose to address this gap by using a novel approach, that adapting well established behavioral and neuroeconomic methods to formalize the notion of cognitive effort, in terms of a discounting index (i.e., the degree to which cognitive effort reduces the subjective value of task engagement). This cognitive effort discounting index provides an important leverage point from which to investigate individual differences in cognitive motivation, examine their brain basis, and identify the key mechanisms by which they contribute to decision-making regarding task engagement. The current project explores these issues through an integrated series of studies that involve a powerful within-subjects experimental design, sophisticated analytic methods, and cutting-edge fMRI methodology. Success in this effort will significantly advance our understanding of the basic neural mechanisms that contribute to decisions about cognitive effort, and will have important clinical implications by providing targets for diagnosis and intervention in disorders, such as major depression, for which cognitive motivational impairments play a major role.

描述（由申请人提供）：认知努力在各种文献中越来越重要，从日常结果的预测因素（例如学业成绩）到精神病理学，再到行为控制的基本原则。努力可能特别重要，例如，对于理解运动障碍和失动。这可能解释了为什么重度抑郁症患者在低努力任务中表现出完整的表现，但在高要求的任务中表现低于平均水平。然而，尽管人们的兴趣迅速增长，但对认知努力的了解却很少。不精确的定义和贫乏的方法框架造成了有限的理解。我们建议通过使用一种新的方法来解决这一差距，即采用成熟的行为和神经经济学方法来正式定义认知努力的概念，即贴现指数（即，认知努力降低任务参与的主观价值的程度）。这个认知努力折扣指数提供了一个重要的杠杆点，从这个杠杆点可以调查认知动机的个体差异，检查他们的大脑基础，确定他们为任务参与决策做出贡献的关键机制。当前的项目通过一系列综合研究来探索这些问题，这些研究涉及强大的受试者内实验设计、复杂的分析方法和尖端的fMRI方法。这一努力的成功将大大推进我们对有助于认知努力决策的基本神经机制的理解，并将通过提供诊断和干预障碍（如重度抑郁症）的目标而具有重要的临床意义，其中认知动机障碍发挥着重要作用。