DATA COORDINATING CENTER FOR THE START-UP AND PREPARATION OF THE TRANSGENERATIONAL STUDY

Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development（NICHD）的校内人口健康研究部（DIPHR）设计并开展了原创的流行病学，行为学和生物统计学研究，包括几个研究领域，如人类生殖和发育，妊娠和相关并发症，儿科和青少年健康和行为，以及与我们的使命相关的方法学研究。 该部门包括三个校内研究分支流行病学，生物统计学和生物信息学，健康行为，其使命是设计和实施原创性研究，为公共卫生及其特殊人群提供高影响力的研究结果。 来自动物和人类研究的累积证据表明，不利的宫内暴露可能导致胎儿在解剖学和生理学上的永久性适应，这可能有利于短期胎儿存活，但会导致以后生活中疾病的长期风险改变。 孕妇肥胖和妊娠期糖尿病（GDM）是特别值得关注的风险，因为很高比例的妇女（约25%）在怀孕时肥胖。 此外，妊娠期高血糖症（如GDM）长期以来被认为是一种致畸原，影响胎儿的结构、功能和发育，并对后代产生长期不利影响。 来自机理研究的数据表明，胎儿暴露于肥胖和/或高血糖可能导致长期的代谢和血管功能改变。 因此，NICHD的研究人员已经设计并将实施一项对现有母亲队列的后代的队列研究，使用回顾性和前瞻性数据收集来评估GDM和肥胖对后代代谢、血管和生殖健康的影响，及其决定因素和潜在的分子机制。

The Division of Intramural Population Health Research (DIPHR) at the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development (NICHD) designs and conducts original epidemiological, behavioral, and biostatistical research encompassing several research domains such as human reproduction and development, pregnancy and related complications, pediatric and adolescent health and behaviors, and methodologic research relevant for our mission. The Division comprises three intramural research branches Epidemiology, Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, and Health Behavior, and its mission is to design and implement original research with the potential for high impact findings for public health and its special populations. Accumulating evidence from animal and human studies suggests that adverse intrauterine exposures may lead to permanent fetal adaptions in anatomy and physiology, which may be beneficial for short term fetal survival, but result in an altered long-term risk of disease later in life. Maternal obesity and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are exposures of particular interest given that a very high proportion of women (~25%) are obese when becoming pregnant. Moreover, hyperglycemia in pregnancy as exemplified in GDM has long been regarded as a teratogen which affects fetal structure, function, and development and has long-term adverse impacts on the offspring. Data from mechanistic studies indicates that fetal exposure to obesity and/or hyperglycemia may lead to long-term metabolic and vascular function alteration. Thus, investigators at the NICHD have designed and will implement a cohort study of offspring of an existing cohort of mothers using both retrospective and prospective data collection to evaluate impacts of GDM and obesity on the metabolic, vascular, and reproductive health of the offspring, their determinants and the underlying molecular mechanisms