Dietary fat ratios influence adolescent depression

膳食脂肪比例影响青少年抑郁症

• 批准号: 9177284
• 负责人: RICKI J COLMAN
• 金额: $ 52.68万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-08-08 至 2021-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9177284
• 关键词: Accelerometer; Accounting; Address; Adolescence; Adolescent; Affect; Affective; Age-Years; Animal Feed; Animals; Area; Behavioral; Brain; Brain region; Breeding; Buffers; Callithrix; Callithrix jacchus jacchus; Child; Cognitive; Consumption; Cues; Data; Depressed mood; Development; Diagnosis; Diet; Dietary Fats; Dietary Fatty Acid; Discrimination; Emotional; Equilibrium; Essential Fatty Acids; Estrogens; Family; Fat-Restricted Diet; Fatty Acids; Fatty acid glycerol esters; Female; Food Supplements; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Functional disorder; Human; Incidence; Intake; Learning; Life; Link; Measurement; Measures; Memory; Mental Depression; Mental Health; Mental disorders; Metabolic; Metabolic Diseases; Metabolic syndrome; Modeling; Monkeys; Mood Disorders; Neurosecretory Systems; Obesity; Performance; Physical activity; Play; Primates; Problem Solving; Process; Psyche structure; Puberty; Reversal Learning; Rewards; Role; Saturated Fatty Acids; Sensory; Sensory Process; Sex Factors; Social Behavior; Social Interaction; Social support; Steroids; Stimulus; Stress; Symptoms; Testing; Training; Unsaturated Fats; Unsaturated Fatty Acids; Visual; behavior observation; behavioral response; child depression; cognitive performance; depressive symptoms; design; feeding; flexibility; improved; learning strategy; male; nonhuman primate; nutrition; obesity in children; response; reward processing; saturated fat; social; young adult

Dietary fat ratio's influence on adolescent depression: A nonhuman primate model Summary Diets high in saturated fats impact metabolic function in children and may predispose them to the development of mental illnesses, such as depression and other affective (mood) disorders. This is suggested by the increased rate of depressive illness diagnoses in children that has occurred simultaneously with an increased incidence of childhood obesity and metabolic disorders. Several studies have linked consumption of excess saturated fats with alterations in cognitive performance, and decrements in social behavior, activity levels and reward processing, all common features of adolescent depression. Controlled mechanistic studies of the effects of fat intake on affect, however, have been difficult to conduct in human adolescents. Here we propose to use a small nonhuman primate, the common marmoset, Callithrix jacchus, to study the relationship between dietary fatty acid ratios and key components of adolescent depression including problem solving, learning, social behavior, activity levels, and reward processing. We have previously shown that this family-oriented, cooperative breeding species shows improved glucoregulatory function with an increasing dietary ratio of unsaturated to saturated fats. We propose to expand these studies to test the hypothesis that increasing the amount of unsaturated fats (essential fatty acids) consumed in the form of healthy snacks will improve problem solving and learning, activity levels and positive social interactions in adolescent marmosets whereas increasing the amount of saturated fats will produce a negative effect on these measures. We will use 48 marmosets in 3 groups of 16 animals (8 males and 8 females per group) each. Groups 1 and 2 will be fed a 30% increase in fats over their standard, low fat diet and Group 3 will have no increase in fats. Group 1 will receive high saturated fat supplements, Group 2 will receive balanced saturated/unsaturated fat supplements, and Group 3 will receive nonfat snacks. We will address the following specific aims. Specific Aim 1: To determine the effects of three diets differing in fatty acid quantity and balance on neuroendocrine, behavioral, and brain functional responses to reward processing in adolescent marmosets. We will utilize a separation social support test to determine neuroendocrine and behavioral responses to stress with and without social support and functional MRI to examine activation of specific brain regions related to memory, reward, and social recognition via familial olfactory cues. Specific Aim 2: To determine the effects of three diets differing in fatty acid quantity and balance on social behavior, activity levels, and problem solving and learning. We will use behavioral observations, activity measurements, and a visual discrimination reversal learning task to evaluate these key components of adolescent mood disorders. Alterations in components of the metabolic syndrome and puberty-related changes in steroid levels will be taken into account. These studies will provide important new information on the impact of dietary fatty acid composition on mood disorders in a primate.

膳食脂肪比例对青少年抑郁症的影响：非人类灵长类动物模型 概括 高饱和脂肪饮食会影响儿童的代谢功能，并可能使他们容易发育 精神疾病，例如抑郁症和其他情感（情绪）障碍。这是由 儿童抑郁症诊断率的增加与儿童抑郁症诊断率的增加同时发生 儿童肥胖和代谢紊乱的发生率。多项研究将过量消费与 饱和脂肪会改变认知能力，并降低社会行为、活动水平和 奖励处理，都是青少年抑郁症的共同特征。受控机制研究 然而，脂肪摄入对情感的影响很难在人类青少年中进行。在这里我们建议 使用小型非人类灵长类动物（普通狨猴）来研究两者之间的关系 膳食脂肪酸比例和青少年抑郁症的关键组成部分，包括解决问题、学习、 社会行为、活动水平和奖励处理。我们之前已经表明，这种以家庭为导向的、 随着日粮比例的增加，合作育种物种显示出改善的葡萄糖调节功能 不饱和脂肪到饱和脂肪。我们建议扩大这些研究，以检验增加 以健康零食的形式摄入一定量的不饱和脂肪（必需脂肪酸）将改善问题 青少年狨猴的解决和学习、活动水平和积极的社交互动，而 增加饱和脂肪的含量会对这些措施产生负面影响。我们将使用 48 狨猴分为 3 组，每组 16 只（每组 8 只雄性和 8 只雌性）。第 1 组和第 2 组将喂食 与标准低脂饮食相比，脂肪增加了 30%，而第 3 组的脂肪则没有增加。第 1 组将 接受高饱和脂肪补充剂，第 2 组将接受均衡的饱和/不饱和脂肪补充剂， 第 3 组将获得脱脂零食。我们将实现以下具体目标。具体目标 1： 确定脂肪酸数量和平衡不同的三种饮食对神经内分泌、行为、 以及青少年狨猴对奖励处理的大脑功能反应。我们将利用分离 社会支持测试，以确定有或没有社交的情况下对压力的神经内分泌和行为反应 支持和功能性 MRI，用于检查与记忆、奖励和认知相关的特定大脑区域的激活 通过家庭嗅觉线索进行社会认可。具体目标 2：确定三种饮食的影响 脂肪酸的数量和平衡对社会行为、活动水平、问题解决和学习的影响。我们将 使用行为观察、活动测量和视觉辨别逆转学习任务来 评估青少年情绪障碍的这些关键组成部分。代谢成分的改变 将考虑综合症和青春期相关的类固醇水平变化。这些研究将提供 关于膳食脂肪酸组成对灵长类动物情绪障碍影响的重要新信息。