Dietary fat ratios influence adolescent depression

饮食脂肪比例对青少年抑郁的影响：非人灵长类动物模型 摘要 高饱和脂肪饮食会影响儿童的代谢功能，并可能使他们更容易发育 精神疾病，如抑郁症和其他情感(情绪)障碍。这是由 与抑郁症同时发生的儿童抑郁症诊断率增加 儿童肥胖症和代谢紊乱的发病率。几项研究已经将过度消费与 饱和脂肪与认知能力的变化以及社会行为、活动水平和 奖赏加工是青春期抑郁症的共同特征。生物力学的受控机理研究 然而，脂肪摄入对情感的影响一直很难在人类青少年中进行。在这里，我们建议 用一种非人类的小型灵长类动物，常见的绒猴Callithrix Jacchus，来研究它们之间的关系 饮食脂肪酸比例和青少年抑郁的关键成分，包括解决问题，学习， 社会行为、活动水平和奖励过程。我们之前已经表明，这种以家庭为导向的 随着饲料比例的增加，合作育种物种表现出更好的血糖调节功能 不饱和脂肪到饱和脂肪。我们建议扩大这些研究，以检验这样一种假设，即增加 以健康零食的形式摄入大量不饱和脂肪(必需脂肪酸)将改善问题 青少年绒猴的解决和学习、活动水平和积极的社会互动 增加饱和脂肪的数量将对这些措施产生负面影响。我们将使用48 绒猴分为3组，每组16只(每组8只雄性和8只雌性)。第1组和第2组将被喂以 脂肪增加30%超过他们的标准，低脂肪饮食和组3将没有增加脂肪。第一组将 接受高饱和脂肪补充剂，第二组将接受平衡的饱和/不饱和脂肪补充剂， 第三组将收到脱脂零食。我们将解决以下具体目标。具体目标1： 确定三种不同脂肪酸含量和平衡的饮食对神经内分泌，行为， 以及青少年绒猴对奖赏处理的大脑功能反应。我们将利用分离 社会支持试验用于确定有无社会压力时的神经内分泌和行为反应 支持和功能磁共振检查与记忆、奖赏和 通过家族嗅觉线索获得社会认可。具体目标2：确定三种不同饮食的效果 脂肪酸量和平衡对社交行为、活动水平、解决问题和学习的影响。我们会 使用行为观察、活动测量和视觉辨别反转学习任务 评估这些青少年情绪障碍的关键组成部分。代谢成分的改变 与综合征和青春期相关的类固醇水平变化将被考虑在内。这些研究将提供 关于饮食脂肪酸组成对灵长类动物情绪障碍影响的重要新信息。

Dietary fat ratio's influence on adolescent depression: A nonhuman primate model Summary Diets high in saturated fats impact metabolic function in children and may predispose them to the development of mental illnesses, such as depression and other affective (mood) disorders. This is suggested by the increased rate of depressive illness diagnoses in children that has occurred simultaneously with an increased incidence of childhood obesity and metabolic disorders. Several studies have linked consumption of excess saturated fats with alterations in cognitive performance, and decrements in social behavior, activity levels and reward processing, all common features of adolescent depression. Controlled mechanistic studies of the effects of fat intake on affect, however, have been difficult to conduct in human adolescents. Here we propose to use a small nonhuman primate, the common marmoset, Callithrix jacchus, to study the relationship between dietary fatty acid ratios and key components of adolescent depression including problem solving, learning, social behavior, activity levels, and reward processing. We have previously shown that this family-oriented, cooperative breeding species shows improved glucoregulatory function with an increasing dietary ratio of unsaturated to saturated fats. We propose to expand these studies to test the hypothesis that increasing the amount of unsaturated fats (essential fatty acids) consumed in the form of healthy snacks will improve problem solving and learning, activity levels and positive social interactions in adolescent marmosets whereas increasing the amount of saturated fats will produce a negative effect on these measures. We will use 48 marmosets in 3 groups of 16 animals (8 males and 8 females per group) each. Groups 1 and 2 will be fed a 30% increase in fats over their standard, low fat diet and Group 3 will have no increase in fats. Group 1 will receive high saturated fat supplements, Group 2 will receive balanced saturated/unsaturated fat supplements, and Group 3 will receive nonfat snacks. We will address the following specific aims. Specific Aim 1: To determine the effects of three diets differing in fatty acid quantity and balance on neuroendocrine, behavioral, and brain functional responses to reward processing in adolescent marmosets. We will utilize a separation social support test to determine neuroendocrine and behavioral responses to stress with and without social support and functional MRI to examine activation of specific brain regions related to memory, reward, and social recognition via familial olfactory cues. Specific Aim 2: To determine the effects of three diets differing in fatty acid quantity and balance on social behavior, activity levels, and problem solving and learning. We will use behavioral observations, activity measurements, and a visual discrimination reversal learning task to evaluate these key components of adolescent mood disorders. Alterations in components of the metabolic syndrome and puberty-related changes in steroid levels will be taken into account. These studies will provide important new information on the impact of dietary fatty acid composition on mood disorders in a primate.