Dietary fat ratios influence adolescent depression

膳食脂肪比对青少年抑郁症的影响：一个非人灵长类动物模型 总结 高饱和脂肪的饮食会影响儿童的代谢功能，并可能使他们更容易患上糖尿病。 精神疾病，如抑郁症和其他情感（情绪）障碍。这是由 儿童抑郁症诊断率增加，同时发生的抑郁症 儿童肥胖症和代谢紊乱的发病率。几项研究表明， 饱和脂肪与认知能力的改变，以及社会行为，活动水平和 奖励处理，这些都是青少年抑郁症的共同特征。的受控机制研究 然而，脂肪摄入对情感的影响很难在人类青少年中进行。在这里我们建议 利用一种小型的非人灵长类动物，普通的绒猴，Callithrix jacchus，来研究 饮食脂肪酸比例和青少年抑郁症的关键组成部分，包括解决问题，学习， 社会行为、活动水平和奖励处理。我们之前已经证明，这种以家庭为导向的， 合作育种物种显示出改善的葡萄糖调节功能， 不饱和脂肪到饱和脂肪。我们建议扩大这些研究，以检验这一假设，增加 以健康零食的形式摄入一定量的不饱和脂肪（必需脂肪酸）将改善问题 解决和学习，活动水平和积极的社会互动，而 增加饱和脂肪的量将对这些措施产生负面影响。我们将使用48 每组16只动物（每组8只雄性和8只雌性）的3组绒猴。第1组和第2组将喂食 脂肪比他们的标准增加30%，低脂饮食和第3组将不会增加脂肪。第1组将 接受高饱和脂肪补充剂，第2组将接受平衡的饱和/不饱和脂肪补充剂， 第三组吃脱脂零食我们将致力于实现以下具体目标。具体目标1： 确定三种脂肪酸量和平衡不同的饮食对神经内分泌，行为， 和青少年绒猴对奖赏加工的脑功能反应。我们将利用分离 社会支持测试，以确定神经内分泌和行为反应的压力，有和没有社会 支持和功能性MRI检查与记忆，奖励， 通过家族嗅觉线索进行社会识别。具体目标2：确定三种不同的饮食的影响， 脂肪酸的数量和平衡对社会行为，活动水平以及解决问题和学习的影响。我们将 使用行为观察、活动测量和视觉辨别反转学习任务， 评估青少年情绪障碍的这些关键组成部分。代谢产物成分的改变 综合征和青春期相关的类固醇水平变化将被考虑在内。这些研究将提供 关于饮食脂肪酸组成对灵长类动物情绪障碍影响的重要新信息。

Dietary fat ratio's influence on adolescent depression: A nonhuman primate model Summary Diets high in saturated fats impact metabolic function in children and may predispose them to the development of mental illnesses, such as depression and other affective (mood) disorders. This is suggested by the increased rate of depressive illness diagnoses in children that has occurred simultaneously with an increased incidence of childhood obesity and metabolic disorders. Several studies have linked consumption of excess saturated fats with alterations in cognitive performance, and decrements in social behavior, activity levels and reward processing, all common features of adolescent depression. Controlled mechanistic studies of the effects of fat intake on affect, however, have been difficult to conduct in human adolescents. Here we propose to use a small nonhuman primate, the common marmoset, Callithrix jacchus, to study the relationship between dietary fatty acid ratios and key components of adolescent depression including problem solving, learning, social behavior, activity levels, and reward processing. We have previously shown that this family-oriented, cooperative breeding species shows improved glucoregulatory function with an increasing dietary ratio of unsaturated to saturated fats. We propose to expand these studies to test the hypothesis that increasing the amount of unsaturated fats (essential fatty acids) consumed in the form of healthy snacks will improve problem solving and learning, activity levels and positive social interactions in adolescent marmosets whereas increasing the amount of saturated fats will produce a negative effect on these measures. We will use 48 marmosets in 3 groups of 16 animals (8 males and 8 females per group) each. Groups 1 and 2 will be fed a 30% increase in fats over their standard, low fat diet and Group 3 will have no increase in fats. Group 1 will receive high saturated fat supplements, Group 2 will receive balanced saturated/unsaturated fat supplements, and Group 3 will receive nonfat snacks. We will address the following specific aims. Specific Aim 1: To determine the effects of three diets differing in fatty acid quantity and balance on neuroendocrine, behavioral, and brain functional responses to reward processing in adolescent marmosets. We will utilize a separation social support test to determine neuroendocrine and behavioral responses to stress with and without social support and functional MRI to examine activation of specific brain regions related to memory, reward, and social recognition via familial olfactory cues. Specific Aim 2: To determine the effects of three diets differing in fatty acid quantity and balance on social behavior, activity levels, and problem solving and learning. We will use behavioral observations, activity measurements, and a visual discrimination reversal learning task to evaluate these key components of adolescent mood disorders. Alterations in components of the metabolic syndrome and puberty-related changes in steroid levels will be taken into account. These studies will provide important new information on the impact of dietary fatty acid composition on mood disorders in a primate.