A Room Temperature Atomic Magnetrode System for Telemetry of Epileptic Seizures

用于癫痫发作遥测的室温原子磁极系统

• 批准号: 9139997
• 负责人: DANIEL S. BARTH
• 金额: $ 57.31万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-09-15 至 2020-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9139997
• 关键词: Animal Model; Auditory; Auditory area; Brain; Clinical; Collaborations; Computer software; Development; Distant; Electrodes; Electroencephalogram; Environment; Epilepsy; Evaluation; Event; Foundations; Frequencies; Goals; Head; Health; Human; Image; Laboratories; Lasers; Magnetism; Magnetoencephalography; Maps; Measurement; Measures; Mechanics; Methods; Modeling; Neurons; Noise; Operative Surgical Procedures; Patients; Performance; Publishing; Resolution; Rubidium; Scalp structure; Seizures; Signal Transduction; Source; Spectrum Analysis; Stimulus; Surgeon; System; Technology; Telemetry; Temperature; Temporal Lobe; Testing; Work; base; brain surgery; cryogenics; design; flexibility; improved; light weight; magnetic field; miniaturize; nervous system disorder; neuroimaging; novel; prevent; prototype; sensor; tool; vapor

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Magnetoencephalography (MEG) has long held the promise of providing a non-invasive tool for localizing epileptic seizures in humans due to its high spatial resolution compared to the scalp electroencephalogram (EEG). Yet, this promise has been elusive, not due to a lack of sensitivity or spatial resolution, but due to the fact that he large size and immobility of present cryogenic (superconducting) technology prevents long-term telemetry often required to capture these very infrequent epileptiform events. To circumvent this limitation, this project will be devoted to the development of a practical non-cryogenic (room temperature) microfabricated atomic magnetometer ("magnetrode") based on laser spectroscopy of rubidium vapor and similar in size and flexibility to scalp EEG electrodes. The project is based on our published preliminary results in which we used Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) technology to construct a working miniature magnetrode and tested it in an animal model to measure neuronal currents of single epileptic discharges and more subtle spontaneous brain activity with a high signal-to-noise ratio approaching that of present superconducting sensors. These measurements are a promising step toward the goal of high- resolution noninvasive telemetry of epileptic events in humans with seizure disorders, and form the foundation of the present proposal. The immediate objectives of this project will be to solve key issues involved in bridging the gap between our present prototype magnetrode and one that can be practically applied for presurgical evaluation of epilepsy patients. These issues center on reducing noise and increasing sensitivity to eventually permit scalp measurements of ictal onset and interictal spikes in both superficial and deep temporal lobe regions. To this end, we will develop our magnetrode into a gradiometer to reduce noise, transform our new methods for actively canceling magnetic field gradients near a stationary recording locus into a novel tracking coil system to cancel gradients in moving (recumbent but not restrained) patients and construct a prototype multi-channel magnetrode for field mapping and active noise cancellation (AIM 1), optimize source modeling and implement "software shielding" with the multi-channel magnetrode (AIM 2), and perform proof of concept measurements of auditory evoked fields and seizures using magnetrode telemetry in epilepsy patients (AIM 3). If successful, the results of this project will provide both the technological basis and justification for our longer-range goal f developing a high-resolution multichannel MEG system for mobile telemetry of human epilepsy in an unshielded or minimally shielded environment, as well as telemetry of other neurological disorders (and the normal behaving brain) where extended mobile neuroimaging is essential.

 描述（由申请人提供）：脑磁图（MEG）由于其与头皮脑电图（EEG）相比的高空间分辨率，长期以来一直有望提供一种用于定位人类癫痫发作的非侵入性工具。然而，这一前景一直难以捉摸，不是由于缺乏灵敏度或空间分辨率，而是由于目前低温（超导）技术的大尺寸和固定性阻止了捕获这些非常罕见的癫痫样事件所需的长期遥测。为了克服这一限制，本项目将致力于开发一种实用的非低温（室温）微加工原子磁力计（“磁力极”），该磁力计基于铷蒸气的激光光谱学，其尺寸和灵活性与头皮EEG电极相似。该项目是基于我们发表的初步结果，其中我们使用微机电系统（MEMS）技术来构建一个工作的微型磁控管，并在动物模型中进行测试，以测量单个癫痫放电的神经元电流和更微妙的自发脑活动，具有接近目前超导传感器的高信噪比。这些测量是朝着高分辨率无创遥测癫痫发作障碍患者癫痫事件的目标迈出的有希望的一步，并形成了本提案的基础。 本项目的近期目标是解决弥合我们目前的原型磁控管和可实际应用于癫痫患者术前评估的磁控管之间的差距所涉及的关键问题。这些问题集中在减少噪声和增加灵敏度，最终允许头皮测量浅颞叶和深颞叶区域的发作发作和发作间期尖峰。为此，我们将把我们的磁极发展成一个梯度计，以减少噪音，把我们的新方法，积极消除磁场梯度附近的一个固定的记录轨迹到一个新的跟踪线圈系统，以消除梯度在移动（横卧但不受约束）患者，并构建用于场标测和主动噪声消除（AIM 1）的原型多通道磁控管，优化源建模并使用多通道磁控管（AIM 2）实现“软件屏蔽”，并使用磁控管遥测在癫痫患者中进行听觉诱发场和癫痫发作的概念验证测量（AIM 3）。如果成功，该项目的结果将为我们的长期目标提供技术基础和理由，即开发一种高分辨率多通道MEG系统，用于在无屏蔽或最低屏蔽环境中对人类癫痫进行移动的遥测，以及对其他神经系统疾病（和正常行为的大脑）进行遥测，其中扩展的移动的神经成像是必不可少的。