Experimental Factors in Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder

胎儿酒精谱系障碍的实验因素

• 批准号: 9056537
• 负责人: Sandra M Mooney
• 金额: $ 34.54万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND BALTIMORE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-05-05 至 2019-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9056537
• 关键词: Adolescence; Affect; Alcohols; Anatomy; Animals; Area; Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; Behavior; Behavioral; Biochemical; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Brain region; Cell Death; Chemistry; Choline; Craniofacial Abnormalities; Data; Dendrites; Development; Diet; Dietary Intervention; Docosahexaenoic Acids; Dose; Ethanol; Fatty Acids; Fetal Alcohol Exposure; Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder; Fetus; Glutamine; Golgi Apparatus; Health; Human; Hyperactive behavior; Immunohistochemistry; Learning; Link; Liquid Chromatography; Live Birth; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Membrane; Memory impairment; Mental Retardation; Metabolic; Modeling; Morphology; NMR Spectroscopy; Neonatal; Nervous system structure; Neuroanatomy; Neuroglia; Neurons; Nutrient; Omega-3 Fatty Acids; Outcome; Phosphatidylserines; Phospholipids; Population; Pregnancy; Process; Rattus; Role; Sensory; Social Behavior; Somatosensory Cortex; Structure; Supplementation; Synapses; System; Teratogens; Testing; Therapeutic; Time; alcohol effect; alcohol exposure; brain behavior; brain metabolism; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; improved; in vivo; interdisciplinary approach; neurochemistry; new therapeutic target; novel; postnatal; prenatal; prenatal exposure; research study; somatosensory; synaptogenesis; tandem mass spectrometry; young adult

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The effects of ethanol on a fetus are extensive, devastating, and often permanent. Depending upon the population, ethanol affects as many as 2-5% of all live births. The most profound effects of ethanol are on the nervous system. Gestational ethanol exposure causes behavioral changes such as hyperactivity, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), learning and memory deficits, alterations in social behavior, and mental retardation. Such behavioral changes can also be seen in animals exposed to ethanol in the prenatal period, thus they provide good models for examining the underpinnings of the changes. One system that is particularly important for both social behavior and ADHD is the somatosensory system. Blocking sensory information within this system is sufficient to negatively affect social behavior. Ethanol causes alterations in the structure and function of this area. We will test the hypothesis that exposure to ethanol during development that causes structural alterations in somatosensory cortex will negatively affect behavior (including social behavior) and alter the neurochemistry of this region. Further, we will test the hypothesis that supplementation with docosahexaenoic acid, an omega-3 fatty acid, in the postnatal period will reverse ethanol-induced deficits in behavior, neurochemistry, and brain structure.

描述（由申请人提供）：乙醇对胎儿的影响是广泛的、破坏性的，而且往往是永久性的。根据人口的不同，乙醇影响多达 2-5% 的活产婴儿。乙醇最深远的影响是对神经系统的影响。妊娠期乙醇暴露会导致行为改变，例如多动、注意力缺陷多动障碍 (ADHD)、学习和记忆缺陷、社会行为改变和智力低下。这种行为变化也可以在产前接触乙醇的动物中看到，因此它们为检查这些变化的基础提供了良好的模型。对于社会行为和多动症特别重要的一个系统是体感系统。阻止该系统内的感官信息足以对社会行为产生负面影响。乙醇会导致这种结构和功能的改变 区域。 我们将检验这样的假设：在发育过程中接触乙醇会导致体感皮层的结构改变，从而对行为（包括社会行为）产生负面影响并改变该区域的神经化学。此外，我们将检验以下假设：产后补充二十二碳六烯酸（一种 omega-3 脂肪酸）将逆转乙醇引起的行为、神经化学和大脑结构缺陷。