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Novel optrodes for large-scale electrophysiology and site-specific stimulation

用于大规模电生理学和位点特异性刺激的新型光极

基本信息

批准号：
9255456
负责人：
JOHN ASSAD
金额：
$ 10.85万
依托单位：
HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2015
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2015-09-30 至 2018-08-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9255456
关键词：
Acute Address Animals Area BRAIN initiative Back Basal Ganglia Behavior Behavior Control Behavior monitoring Biological feedback Brain Caliber Cells Chronic Collaborations Communities Computer software Coupling Development Device or Instrument Development Devices Distal Electrodes Electronics Electrophysiology (science)Elements Engineering Environment Extravasation Feedback Fiber Goals Gold Head Health Institutes Ions Laboratories Length Light Lighting Logic Mammals Memory Microelectrodes Monitor Monkeys Motor Mus Neural Inhibition Neurons Neurosciences Noise Optics Performance Population Sampling Schedule Sensory Shapes Signal Transduction Site Specificity Speed Staging Structure System Technology Testing Thick Time Tissues United States National Institutes of Health analog base brain cell conditioning data acquisition design digital implantation in vivo innovation insight interest light emission medical schools minimally invasive multi-electrode arrays neural circuit new technology next generation novel optical fiber optogenetics photonics prevent programs relating to nervous system research study sensor spatiotemporal tool

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The brains of mammals contain an extraordinarily large number of neurons whose activity and interconnections determine the function of circuits that monitor our sensory environment, dictate our motor choices, form memories, and guide all behavior. However we do not understand how the activity of these circuits governs brain activity. A fundamental limitation has been the inability to monitor and control the activity of a significan fraction of brain cells at any one time - thus typical studies of the neural underpinnings of behavior monitor at most ~100 cells simultaneously, or approximately one millionth of the total. In order to gain insight how circuit computations are carried out and subsequently control behavior, we will develop two novel technologies. The first is a radical new class of electrode with 50-100 times more recording sites than is typical and with on-board electronics, allowing unprecedented quality recordings of high number of neurons. The second is a novel way to deliver light into the brain in a controlled manner in order to be able to perturb the activity of neurons with high precision.

描述（由申请人提供）：哺乳动物的大脑含有大量神经元，这些神经元的活动和互连决定了监控我们的感觉环境、决定我们的运动选择、形成记忆和指导所有行为的电路的功能。然而我们不明白这些回路的活动如何控制大脑活动。一个根本的限制是无法在任何时间监测和控制相当一部分脑细胞的活动，因此行为神经基础的典型研究最多同时监测约 100 个细胞，或大约总数的百万分之一。为了深入了解电路计算是如何进行的以及随后的控制行为，我们将开发两项新技术。第一种是全新类型的电极，其记录位点比典型电极多 50-100 倍，并且带有板载电子设备，可以对大量神经元进行前所未有的高质量记录。第二种是一种以受控方式将光传送到大脑的新颖方法，以便能够高精度地扰动神经元的活动。