A Participatory Design Process Addressing Ergonomics of Hospital Patient Rooms

描述(申请人提供)：这项申请的长期目标是减少医疗机构中的医护人员所经历的肌肉骨骼损伤和不适。在许多工作场所，工作人员表现出的笨拙的姿势和动作，以及完成与工作相关的任务所需的努力，与工作空间的布局和组织有直接关系。对于在病房里进行护理的医院工作人员来说，情况尤其如此。鉴于我们目前正在经历前所未有的医疗设施建设热潮(Gamble，2011；Nelson等人，2005；Terry，2011)；我们面临着一个独特的机会来解决许多房间设计参数，这些参数为提供直接患者护理的员工和其他医院员工带来了物理人体工程学问题。然而，医疗保健领域的三个新兴趋势给医院病房的设计师带来了额外的挑战。首先，是向视力适应性房间的转变，在患者住院期间，通过不同级别的护理为他们提供住宿。其次，有一种趋势是将医院服务带给患者，而不是将患者运送到服务中。总而言之，这些趋势表明，作为工作环境的病房需要容纳比以往任何时候都更多的人来执行更多的任务。第三，人口越来越多，需要为游客提供更大的床位和更大的家具。该应用程序的主要目标是通过系统方法解决在病房工作的许多不同利益相关者群体的需求，主要由参与式设计过程驱动，该过程将利用多样化、多学科的研究人员和从业人员团队的专业知识。具体地说，该应用程序的目标是：(1)识别、观察和分析由于病房设计参数而对已识别的利益相关者(用户)提出人机工程学挑战的工作任务；(2)就与病房设计相关的人体工程学挑战达成共识，并引出利益相关者关于病房设计的人体工程学方面的具体建议；(3)识别影响患者及其访客和家属需求的病房设计参数，并引起最支持这些需求的病房设计参数的改变；(4)解决利益相关者群体之间关于病房设计参数的冲突，从而允许为病房提供一组明确的设计参数建议。总之，我们的流程将产生一套指南，设计师、规划者、医院管理人员和其他对病房设计感兴趣的人都可以使用和访问这些指南，并为未来与医疗设施设计相关的循证研究奠定基础。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The long term goal of this application is to reduce musculoskeletal injuries and discomfort experienced by healthcare workers in institutional settings. In many workplaces the awkward postures and motions exhibited by workers, and the effort required to complete work-related tasks bear a direct relationship to the layout and organization of the workspace. This is particularly true for hospital workers administering care in patient rooms. Given that we are currently undergoing an unprecedented boom in healthcare facility construction (Gamble, 2011; Nelson et al., 2005; Terry, 2011); we are presented with a unique opportunity to address many of the room design parameters that create physical ergonomics issues for workers who provide direct patient care and other members of the hospital staff. However, three emerging trends in healthcare present additional challenges to designers of hospital patient rooms. First, there is the move toward acuity-adaptable rooms which accommodate patients through varied levels of care during their hospital stays. Second, there is a trend to bring hospital services to the patient rather than transporting patients to the services. Together these trends indicate that the patient room as a work environment needs to accommodate more individuals performing more tasks than ever before. Third, populations are getting larger, necessitating larger beds and larger furnishing for visitors. The primary goal of this application is to address the needs of the many different stakeholder groups working in patient rooms through a systems approach, largely driven by a participatory design process that will draw upon the expertise of a diverse, multi-disciplinary team of researchers and practitioners. Specifically, the aims of this application are to: (1) Identify, observe, and analyze work tasks that, due to patient room design parameters, ergonomically challenge the identified stakeholders (users); (2) Obtain consensus on the ergonomic challenges associated with patient room design and elicit stakeholder specific recommendations regarding ergonomic aspects of patient room design; (3) Identify patient room design parameters that impact the needs of patients and their visitors and family members, and elicit alterations in patient room design parameters that best support those needs; (4) Resolve conflicts between stakeholder groups with regard to patient room design parameters, thereby, allowing for a clear set of design parameter recommendations for patient rooms. In sum, our process will yield a set of guidelines that will be useable and accessible to designers, planners, hospital administrators, and others interested in patient room design and lay the groundwork for future evidence-based research related to healthcare facility design.