Patients as safeguards: Understanding the information needs of hospitalized patie

描述（由申请人提供）：医疗事故每年造成重大的死亡率和发病率。尽管这个问题得到了全国的关注，包括鼓励患者说出错误的努力，但很少有工作让患者积极参与预防、发现和从这些错误中恢复过来。除了通过与护理人员和临床医生的特别对话外，患者及其护理人员对护理的提供提供了独特的观点。此外，患者和护理人员会经历认知、人际关系和系统层面的挑战，这些挑战会影响他们对潜在问题的认识，并抑制他们表达担忧的能力。加强患者和护理人员对有意义信息的获取和参与，有助于解决沟通方面的挑战，而沟通往往是许多不良事件的根本原因。通过这一应用程序，研究人员试图了解住院患者及其护理人员需要发挥这一重要安全作用的信息支持。该项目的三个目标是：(1)识别能够提高患者及其护理人员态势感知能力并使他们能够识别潜在安全问题的信息；(2)识别支持住院患者及其护理人员获取和管理健康信息、关注、问题和定制护理需求的机会；(3)确定支持患者、护理人员和提供者之间围绕安全相关问题和整体护理体验进行积极对话的策略。研究小组将采用混合方法，包括观察、访谈、调查和技术探索，以制定一套设计要求，帮助患者及其护理人员获取和跟踪必要的信息，以沟通他们的安全问题。这些要求将支持卫生保健界将患者作为防止医疗差错的保障，并提供利用信息技术提高患者总体体验的愿景。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Medical errors cause significant mortality and morbidity each year. Although this problem has received national attention, including efforts to encourage patients to speak up about errors, very little work has actively involved patients in preventing, detecting, and recovering from these errors. Patients and their caregivers offer a distinctive perspective on the delivery of care that is rarely captured except through ad hoc dialogue with nursing staff and clinicians. Moreover, patients and caregivers experience cognitive, interpersonal, and system- level challenges that can affect their awareness of potential problems and inhibit their ability to communicate their concerns. Enhancing patients' and caregivers' access to and engagement with meaningful information can help address communication challenges that are often the root cause of many adverse events. Through this application, the investigators seek to understand the information support that hospitalized patients and their caregivers need to play this important safety role. The three aims for this project are to: (1) identify information that would increase patients' and their caregivers' situational awareness as well as enable them to recognize potential safety concerns, (2) identify opportunities to support inpatients and their caregivers in capturing and managing health information, concerns, questions, and customized care needs, (3) determine strategies to support active dialogue among patients, caregivers, and providers around safety-related concerns and the overall care experience. The research team will employ a mixed-methods approach that includes observations, interviews, surveys, and technology probes to develop a set of design requirements for helping patients and their caregivers obtain and track needed information for communicating their safety concerns. These requirements will support the health-care community in engaging patients as safeguards against medical errors and provide a vision for enhancing the overall patient experience using information technology.