Studies of Populations Exposed to Diagnostic Medical Radiation

计算机断层扫描器官剂量计算-正在开发新的工具和方法，使用蒙特卡罗传输技术计算接受计算机断层扫描检查的儿童和成人患者的器官剂量。器官剂量估计正在用于回顾性流行病学队列和病例对照研究美国CT扫描使用的癌症风险-我们正在估计可能与成人当前CT使用水平相关的潜在辐射相关癌症风险，并就电脑断层扫描检查进行辐射风险效益分析。早期生命辐射与儿童癌症风险-研究生命早期的辐射照射特别重要，因为许多组织在子宫内和受照射年龄较小时更容易受到辐射影响。 我们的分析结果发表于2011年2月，显示了子宫内暴露于电离辐射的所有儿童癌症和白血病风险轻微、非显著性增加的一些迹象，以及婴儿早期暴露于X射线后淋巴瘤风险的潜在增加。000名儿童，以评估与儿科CT扫描辐射暴露相关的潜在癌症风险。开发了一个全面的器官CT剂量数据库，以支持儿科癌症风险和CT暴露的研究。2012年发表的这项研究结果首次表明，儿童时期接受CT扫描后，患白血病和脑瘤的风险会增加。辐射相关脑瘤的汇总分析--已初步安排对辐射相关恶性和良性脑瘤的风险进行汇总分析，包括来自世界各地的研究数据，这些研究提供了关于个人大脑辐射剂量的信息。我们正在评估乳头状癌的分子标志物和组织病理学的改变是否在过去的三十年中发生了变化，使用从一家美国医院收集的甲状腺肿瘤组织。研究中的分子标记物是BRAF、N-RAS、K-Ras、H-Ras和RET/PTC。放射相关甲状腺癌的汇总分析-为了提高我们对甲状腺癌病因的理解，REB科学家建立了一个国际联盟来研究儿童和成人的放射性甲状腺癌。将评估辐射剂量-反应的统计模型以及与性别、暴露时年龄、实际年龄和暴露后时间的潜在相互作用。 2012年提交了关于儿童的结果供出版。

Computed Tomography Organ Dose Calculations - New tools and methods are being developed by using Monte Carlo transport technique to calculate organ dose for pediatric and adult patients undergoing computed tomography examinations. The organ dose estimates are being used for retrospective epidemiologic cohort and case-control studiesCancer Risks from CT Scan Use in the United States - We are estimating the potential radiation-related cancer risks that may be related to current levels of CT use in adults, and also conducting radiation risk-benefit analyses for CT screening examinations.Early Life Radiation and the Risk of Child Cancer - Studying radiation exposure during early life is of particular importance, given that many tissues are more susceptible to radiation effects in utero and at younger age of exposure. Results of our analysis, published in February 2011, showed some indication of a slight, non-significant increase in risk for all childhood cancer and leukemia with exposure to ionizing radiation in utero, and potential increased risk of lymphoma following exposure to x-rays in early infancy based on small numbersPediatric CT Scans - REB initiated an international cohort study of 180,000 children to evaluate the potential risk of cancer associated with radiation exposure from pediatric CT scans. A comprehensive organ CT dose database was developed in support of a study of pediatric cancer risk and CT exposure. The results from this study published in 2012 suggested for the first time that there are increased risks of leukemia and brain tumors after CT scans in childhood.Pooled Analysis of Radiation-Related Brain Tumors - Preliminary arrangements have been made to conduct a pooled analysis of the risk of radiation-related malignant and benign brain tumors, including data from studies worldwide that have information on radiation dose to the brain for individualsMolecular and Histopathologic Clues to the Understanding of Thyroid Cancer Incidence - Thyroid cancer incidence has increased significantly over the last few decades. We are evaluating whether alterations in molecular markers and histopathology of papillary carcinoma have changed over the last three decades, using thyroid tumor tissue collected from one US hospital. Molecular markers under investigation are BRAF, N-RAS, K-Ras, H-Ras, and RET/PTC.Pooled analysis of Radiation-Related Thyroid Cancer- To improve our understanding of the etiology of thyroid cancer, REB scientists have set up an international consortium to study radiogenic thyroid cancer in children and adults. Statistical models of the radiation dose-response will be assessed as well as potential interaction with gender, age at exposure, attained age, and time since exposure. Results for children were submitted for publication in 2012.