Project 3

男性-女性健康-生存悖论-现代人类社会中的现象 女性比男性寿命更长，但伤残率更高--这对经济产生了深远的影响 以及医学方面的影响。请在过去的五年里进行了第一次检查 一种非人类动物的健康-生存悖论，这是一群野生狒狒。他们的结果表明， 雄性狒狒和其他几种灵长类动物的雄性比雌性的寿命更短， 它们与人类共有的模式。另一方面，年长的雄性狒狒在 与雌性相似或更快的健康，使它们在这方面与人类不同 尊重。为了推进能够揭示健康-生存悖论的比较研究， 请建议对人类和人类之间的共性和差异进行更全面的了解 非人灵长类动物在促进健康和生存方面的因素。为此，请在调查结果的基础上再接再厉 从目前的计划项目拨款中追求四个目标。首先，在与项目2交叉链接的工作中， PERS将调查社会地位和社会联系方面的性别差异，作为陡峭人群的风险因素 与雌性相比，雄性狒狒的健康状况有所下降。因为雄性狒狒经历的更陡峭 与女性相比，与年龄相关的社会地位和社会联系的下降，这些变量-已知 人类健康和生存的风险因素-在这项研究中被认为是性别差异的关键来源 系统。第二，通过观察和测量伤口愈合率和疾病恢复率 与项目2的性别差异相比，PERS将生成独特的数据 以及患病后的生存。第三，狒狒是理解荷尔蒙特征的一个引人注目的模型。 这取决于性别和社会地位，这将使PLS在是否 应激激素在社会因素与生存之间的关系中起中介作用。第四，与 项目1，pls将使用从多个灵长类物种收集的独特比较数据。 开发复杂的建模技术，允许测量特定性别的死亡率 比以往任何时候测量的更准确，适用于更广泛的物种。实现 这些目标将提供至关重要的洞察，以了解男性和女性在健康和 生存和健康-生存悖论。

The male-female health-survival paradox – the phenomenon in modern human societies in which women experience greater longevity but higher rates of disability than men – has far-reaching economic and medical implications. The PLs have spent the past five years carrying out the first examination of the health-survival paradox in a nonhuman animal, a population of wild baboons. Their results indicate that male baboons, along with males of several other primate species, have shorter lifespans than females, a pattern they share in common with humans. On the other hand, aging male baboons experience declines in health that are similar to or more rapid than those in females, making them different from humans in this respect. To move forward with comparative studies that can shed light on the health-survival paradox, the PLs propose to develop a more complete picture of commonalities and differences between humans and nonhuman primates in factors contributing to health and survival. To do so, the PLs will build on findings from the current Program Project grant to pursue four Aims. First, in work that cross-links with Project 2, the PLs will investigate sex differences in social status and social connectedness as risk factors for the steeper health declines seen in male baboons than in females. Because male baboons experience much steeper age-related declines in social status and social connectedness than females, these variables – known to be risk factors for human health and survival – are implicated as key sources of sex differences in this study system. Second, by observing and measuring rates of wound healing and recovery from illness in the baboons, the PLs will generate unique data for comparison with Project 2 on sex differences in recovery and survival after illness. Third, the baboons are a compelling model for understanding hormone profiles that depend on sex and social status, and this will allow the PLs to gain traction on the question of whether stress hormones mediate the relationship between social factors and survival. Fourth, in collaboration with Project 1, the PLs will use unique comparative data that has been gathered from multiple primate species to develop sophisticated modeling techniques that will allow the measurement of sex-specific mortality patterns with greater accuracy and for a wider range of species than ever before measured. Achieving these aims will provide crucial insight into the underpinnings of male-female differences in health and survival and the health-survival paradox.