Ecological momentary Assessment of Cannabis Use Effects in Young Adults

 大麻仍然是最常用的非法药物，其使用在年轻人中呈上升趋势。法律的地位的变化、对低相关风险的看法以及在社会环境中容易获得与娱乐性大麻使用率的增加有关。随着接触的增加，对心理和行为结果产生有害影响的可能性也会增加。以前的实验室研究已经发现大麻使用对冲动控制和社会功能的急性影响，但对娱乐性和常规大麻的真实的世界影响知之甚少。目前还不清楚大麻使用的短暂影响是否与大麻使用相关的长期有害变化有关，例如生活质量降低，心理社会功能减弱以及大麻使用增加或危险。拟议的研究将通过实施生态瞬时评估（EMA）来解决这一知识差距，以检查在现实世界中对大麻使用的人内反应，以了解大麻对非依赖性娱乐和常规大麻使用者的日常心理和行为体验的影响。该提案将使用智能手机进行密集的重复评估，以评估大麻或其他物质使用（酒精，烟草或其他药物）的情况，以及120名娱乐和120名常规大麻使用者（18-30岁）的冲动控制和社交互动的人内波动。我们假设：（1）与没有使用大麻的情况相比，使用大麻的情况会增加冲动、敌意和危险行为，并减少积极的社会互动。我们还假设（2）使用频率（娱乐与常规）将缓和急性反应，使得更频繁的使用者将经历心理和行为影响的最大急性增加。使用一种新的方法，我们还将研究（3）一个人对大麻使用的真实反应是否可以预测未来大麻使用，心理社会功能和生活质量的变化。这项研究是创新的方法和途径，以评估大麻使用后发生有害影响的途径，这些途径如何通过越来越频繁的大麻使用来增强，并确定随着时间的推移，同一个人的影响是否可以用来预测对心理社会功能的长期影响和大麻使用障碍的发作。这方面的知识对于确定大麻使用对心理和社会功能的影响至关重要。如果我们的假设得到支持，我们将确定娱乐和定期使用大麻如何以及对谁导致年轻人的有害短期和长期功能结果。通过这项工作，我们希望发现新的方法来监测和确定危险大麻使用的未来风险。然后，这些目标可用于制定预防和干预年轻人使用大麻的创新战略;可通过智能手机上的“及时”机制提供的方法。

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Cannabis remains the most commonly used illicit drug, and its use is on the rise among young adults. Changes in legal status, perceptions of low associated risk and ease of availability in social settings have been associated with increased rates of recreational cannabis use. With increased exposure comes the increased likelihood of detrimental impacts on psychological and behavioral outcomes. Previous laboratory research has found acute effects of cannabis use on impulse control and social functioning but very little is known about the real world effects of recreational and regular cannabis. It is also unknown whether momentary cannabis use effects relate to long-term detrimental changes associated with cannabis use, effects such as lowered quality of life, diminished psychosocial functioning, and increased or hazardous use of cannabis. The proposed study will address this knowledge gap by implementing ecological momentary assessment (EMA) to examine within- person responses to cannabis use in real-world contexts in order to understand what effects cannabis is having on the daily psychological and behavioral experiences of non-dependent recreational and regular cannabis users. This proposal will use intensive, repeated assessments delivered on smartphones to assess occasions of cannabis or other substance use (alcohol, tobacco, or other drugs), and within-person fluctuations in impulse control and social interactions in 120 recreational and 120 regular cannabis users (18-30 years). We hypothesize that (1) occasions of cannabis use will increase impulsivity, hostility, and risk behaviors and decrease positive social interactions relative to occasions where no use occurred. We also hypothesize that (2) frequency of use (recreational vs. regular) will moderate the acute response such that more frequent users will experience the greatest acute increases in psychological and behavioral effects. Using a novel approach, we will also examine (3) whether an individual's real-world responses to cannabis use can predict future changes in cannabis use, psychosocial functioning, and quality of life over the course of two years of follow-up. This study is innovativ in its method and approach to assessing pathways by which detrimental effects occur after cannabis use, how these pathways are enhanced by increasingly frequent cannabis use, and determine if effects within the same individual over time can be used to predict long term effects on psychosocial functioning and the onset of cannabis use disorders. This knowledge is vital to identifying the under-recognized impacts of cannabis use on psychological and social functioning. If our hypotheses are supported, we will identify how, and for whom, recreational and regular cannabis use leads to detrimental short term and long term functioning outcomes in young adults. Through this work, we hope to discover novel approaches for monitoring and determining future risk of hazardous cannabis use. These targets may then be used in developing innovative strategies for prevention and intervention of cannabis use in young adults; approaches that can be delivered via `just-in-time' mechanisms on smartphones.