Ecological momentary Assessment of Cannabis Use Effects in Young Adults

 描述(申请人提供)：大麻仍然是最常用的非法药物，其在年轻人中的使用量正在上升。法律地位的变化、对低相关风险的看法以及社会环境中容易获得的情况与娱乐性大麻使用率的增加有关。随着暴露的增加，对心理和行为结果产生有害影响的可能性也会增加。以前的实验室研究发现，使用大麻对冲动控制和社会功能有严重影响，但对娱乐和常规大麻对现实世界的影响知之甚少。还不清楚大麻使用的短暂影响是否与与大麻使用有关的长期有害变化、生活质量降低、心理社会功能减弱以及大麻的增加或危险使用等影响有关。拟议的研究将通过实施生态瞬时评估(EMA)来解决这一知识差距，以检查现实世界中人对大麻使用的反应，以了解大麻对非依赖型娱乐和经常吸食大麻的人的日常心理和行为体验产生了什么影响。这项提案将使用智能手机上提供的密集、重复的评估，以评估120名娱乐吸毒者和120名经常吸食大麻的人(18-30岁)吸食大麻或其他物质(酒精、烟草或其他药物)的次数，以及个人在冲动控制和社交方面的波动。我们假设(1)与不使用大麻的场合相比，使用大麻的场合会增加冲动、敌意和危险行为，并减少积极的社会互动。我们还假设(2)使用频率(休闲与常规)将缓和急性反应，因此更频繁的用户将体验到最大的心理和行为影响的急剧增加。使用一种新的方法，我们还将研究(3)在两年的跟踪过程中，个人对大麻使用的真实世界反应是否可以预测大麻使用、心理社会功能和生活质量的未来变化。这项研究在评估大麻使用后产生有害影响的途径，日益频繁地使用大麻如何加强这些途径，并确定同一人随时间的影响是否可以用来预测对心理社会功能的长期影响和大麻使用障碍的发生方面具有创新性。这方面的知识对于查明未得到充分认识的大麻使用对心理和社会功能的影响至关重要。如果我们的假设得到支持，我们将确定娱乐性和经常性使用大麻如何以及对谁造成有害的年轻人短期和长期功能结果。通过这项工作，我们希望发现监测和确定危险大麻使用未来风险的新方法。然后，这些目标可用于制定预防和干预年轻人使用大麻的创新战略；可通过智能手机上的“及时”机制提供的办法。

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Cannabis remains the most commonly used illicit drug, and its use is on the rise among young adults. Changes in legal status, perceptions of low associated risk and ease of availability in social settings have been associated with increased rates of recreational cannabis use. With increased exposure comes the increased likelihood of detrimental impacts on psychological and behavioral outcomes. Previous laboratory research has found acute effects of cannabis use on impulse control and social functioning but very little is known about the real world effects of recreational and regular cannabis. It is also unknown whether momentary cannabis use effects relate to long-term detrimental changes associated with cannabis use, effects such as lowered quality of life, diminished psychosocial functioning, and increased or hazardous use of cannabis. The proposed study will address this knowledge gap by implementing ecological momentary assessment (EMA) to examine within- person responses to cannabis use in real-world contexts in order to understand what effects cannabis is having on the daily psychological and behavioral experiences of non-dependent recreational and regular cannabis users. This proposal will use intensive, repeated assessments delivered on smartphones to assess occasions of cannabis or other substance use (alcohol, tobacco, or other drugs), and within-person fluctuations in impulse control and social interactions in 120 recreational and 120 regular cannabis users (18-30 years). We hypothesize that (1) occasions of cannabis use will increase impulsivity, hostility, and risk behaviors and decrease positive social interactions relative to occasions where no use occurred. We also hypothesize that (2) frequency of use (recreational vs. regular) will moderate the acute response such that more frequent users will experience the greatest acute increases in psychological and behavioral effects. Using a novel approach, we will also examine (3) whether an individual's real-world responses to cannabis use can predict future changes in cannabis use, psychosocial functioning, and quality of life over the course of two years of follow-up. This study is innovativ in its method and approach to assessing pathways by which detrimental effects occur after cannabis use, how these pathways are enhanced by increasingly frequent cannabis use, and determine if effects within the same individual over time can be used to predict long term effects on psychosocial functioning and the onset of cannabis use disorders. This knowledge is vital to identifying the under-recognized impacts of cannabis use on psychological and social functioning. If our hypotheses are supported, we will identify how, and for whom, recreational and regular cannabis use leads to detrimental short term and long term functioning outcomes in young adults. Through this work, we hope to discover novel approaches for monitoring and determining future risk of hazardous cannabis use. These targets may then be used in developing innovative strategies for prevention and intervention of cannabis use in young adults; approaches that can be delivered via `just-in-time' mechanisms on smartphones.