Interpersonal Behaviors, Stress, and Addiction

人际行为、压力和成瘾

• 批准号: 8646905
• 负责人: EMILY B ANSELL
• 金额: $ 18.13万
• 依托单位: YALE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-04-15 至 2016-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8646905
• 关键词: Accounting; Addictive Behavior; Affect; Affective; Alcohol abuse; Alcohol consumption; Alcohols; Animal Model; Animals; Area; Behavior; Biological; Biological Markers; Cessation of life; Chronic stress; Clinical; Consumption; Corticotropin; Country; Data Analyses; Development; Dimensions; Disease; Distress; Emotions; Enrollment; Environment; Equation; Event; Expenditure; Exposure to; Five-Year Plans; Food; Frequencies; Funding; Future; Goals; Healthcare; Heterogeneity; Human; Hydrocortisone; Hyperphagia; Individual; Individual Differences; Interdisciplinary Study; Intervention; K-Series Research Career Programs; Link; Mediation; Mental disorders; Mentors; Methodology; Methods; Modality; Modeling; National Institute of Drug Abuse; Neurobiology; Outcome; Participant; Pathway interactions; Phenotype; Predisposition; Process; Protocols documentation; Reading; Relapse; Reporting; Research; Research Project Grants; Research Training; Risk; Role; Sampling; Scientist; Secure; Self-control as a personality trait; Severities; Social Behavior; Social support; Stress; Testing; Time; Tobacco; Tobacco use; Training; Training Activity; United States National Institutes of Health; Woman; addiction; biological adaptation to stress; career; experience; follow-up; hedonic; human subject; longitudinal course; men; novel; programs; prospective; psychobiologic; public health relevance; response; social; social stress; stressor; theories; trait; two-dimensional

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The proposed Mentored Clinical Scientist Research Career Development Award details a five- year plan that will enable the candidate to develop her career as independent clinical scientist with a programmatic line of research on interpersonal traits and behaviors, psychobiological models of stress, and addictive behaviors. The candidate draws on her background in interpersonal theory and assessment and integrates training in three new areas: (1) phenomenology and assessment of addictive behaviors; (2) psychobiological models of cumulative stress become; and (3) ecological momentary assessment methodology and data analysis. Training will include coursework and directed readings and will be facilitated by a team of interdisciplinary scientists with expertise in each of these training areas. In addition to mentored training activities, the candidate also proposes two research projects which will facilitate the application of new expertise into the examination of when and for whom specific interpersonal stressors and behaviors are associated with increased severity and frequency of addictive behaviors. In Study 1, the candidate will examine the longitudinal course of addictive behaviors by conducting a one year follow-up with a well-characterized sample of men and women. Aims of this study focus on the moderating influence of interpersonal factors with chronic stress levels, and biomarkers of altered HPA functioning, in predicting frequency and severity of addictive behaviors. In Study 2, the use of ecological momentary assessment will extend the prior studies findings to the microlevel examination of social behavior, affective response, and tobacco, alcohol, and overeating. This study will examine variability across time and context in interpersonal behaviors, affect, and addictive behaviors. These two research projects will assist in filling in specific gaps in understanding the heterogeneity of addiction course, specifically how social stress and individual differences negatively impact the course of addictive behaviors. This training and research plan will help the candidate secure future funding for this program of research and facilitate her development into an independent scientist. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: This application has significant public health relevance. These proposed research projects will examine the role of vulnerability from interpersonal behaviors and stress on the use of three addictive substances: alcohol abuse, tobacco use, and overeating, which represent the top three causes of preventable death and disease in this country and account for more than 600 billion dollars in annual healthcare expenditures. Identifying individual differences which help explain the heterogeneity in vulnerability is extremely important for understanding mechanisms associated with risk, identifying preventative approaches with certain at risk groups, and implementing treatment matching in order to promote better longitudinal outcomes.

描述（由申请人提供）：拟议的指导临床科学家研究职业发展奖详细介绍了一个五年计划，将使候选人能够发展她作为独立临床科学家的职业生涯，对人际特征和行为，压力的心理生物学模型和成瘾行为进行程序性研究。候选人利用她在人际关系理论和评估方面的背景，并将培训整合到三个新领域：（1）成瘾行为的现象学和评估;（2）累积压力的心理生物学模型;（3）生态瞬时评估方法和数据分析。培训将包括课程作业和指导阅读，并将由一个跨学科的科学家团队在每个这些培训领域的专业知识提供便利。除了指导培训活动，候选人还提出了两个研究项目，这将有助于新的专业知识的应用，以检查何时以及对谁来说，特定的人际压力和行为与成瘾行为的严重程度和频率增加有关。在研究1中，候选人将通过对具有良好特征的男性和女性样本进行为期一年的随访来检查成瘾行为的纵向过程。本研究的目的是探讨人际因素与慢性压力水平的调节作用，以及HPA功能改变的生物标志物在预测成瘾行为的频率和严重程度方面的作用。在研究2中，生态瞬时评估的使用将扩展到社会行为，情感反应，烟草，酒精和暴饮暴食的微观水平检查之前的研究结果。本研究将探讨人际行为、情感和成瘾行为在时间和背景上的变化。这两个研究项目将有助于填补理解成瘾过程异质性的具体空白，特别是社会压力和个体差异如何对成瘾行为产生负面影响。这个培训和研究计划将帮助候选人确保未来的研究计划的资金，并促进她发展成为一个独立的科学家。 公共卫生相关性：该应用程序具有重要的公共卫生相关性。这些拟议的研究项目将研究人际行为和压力对使用三种成瘾物质的脆弱性的作用：酗酒，吸烟和暴饮暴食，这是美国可预防的死亡和疾病的三大原因，每年的医疗支出超过6000亿美元。识别有助于解释脆弱性异质性的个体差异对于理解与风险相关的机制、确定某些风险群体的预防方法以及实施治疗匹配以促进更好的纵向结果至关重要。