Interpersonal Behaviors, Stress, and Addiction

描述(由申请者提供)：建议的临床科学家导师研究职业发展奖详细说明了一个五年计划，该计划将使候选人能够发展她作为独立临床科学家的职业生涯，并对人际特征和行为、压力的心理生物学模型和成瘾行为进行规划研究。应聘者利用她在人际关系理论和评估方面的背景，整合了三个新领域的培训：(1)现象学和成瘾行为评估；(2)累积压力的心理生物学模型；(3)生态学瞬时评估方法和数据分析。培训将包括课程作业和定向阅读，并将由在这些培训领域都有专长的跨学科科学家小组提供便利。除了有指导的培训活动，候选人还提出了两个研究项目，这两个项目将促进应用新的专业知识来检查特定的人际压力和行为何时以及对谁与成瘾行为的严重程度和频率的增加有关。在研究1中，候选人将通过对具有良好特征的男性和女性样本进行为期一年的跟踪调查，来检查成瘾行为的纵向过程。这项研究的目的是关注慢性压力水平的人际因素和HPA功能改变的生物标记物在预测成瘾行为的频率和严重程度方面的缓和影响。在研究2中，生态瞬时评估的使用将把先前的研究结果扩展到对社会行为、情感反应以及烟草、酒精和暴饮暴食的微观水平的检查。这项研究将考察人际行为、情感和成瘾行为在时间和环境中的变异性。这两个研究项目将有助于填补在理解成瘾过程的异质性方面的具体空白，特别是社会压力和个体差异如何对成瘾行为过程产生负面影响。这项培训和研究计划将帮助候选人获得这一研究计划的未来资金，并促进她发展成为一名独立科学家。 公共卫生相关性：该应用程序具有重要的公共卫生相关性。这些拟议的研究项目将研究人际行为的脆弱性以及对三种成瘾物质的使用的压力：酗酒、吸烟和暴饮暴食，这三种物质代表着美国可预防的死亡和疾病的三大原因，每年的医疗支出超过6000亿美元。确定有助于解释脆弱性异质性的个体差异对于了解与风险相关的机制、确定某些高危群体的预防方法以及实施治疗匹配以促进更好的纵向结果极其重要。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The proposed Mentored Clinical Scientist Research Career Development Award details a five- year plan that will enable the candidate to develop her career as independent clinical scientist with a programmatic line of research on interpersonal traits and behaviors, psychobiological models of stress, and addictive behaviors. The candidate draws on her background in interpersonal theory and assessment and integrates training in three new areas: (1) phenomenology and assessment of addictive behaviors; (2) psychobiological models of cumulative stress become; and (3) ecological momentary assessment methodology and data analysis. Training will include coursework and directed readings and will be facilitated by a team of interdisciplinary scientists with expertise in each of these training areas. In addition to mentored training activities, the candidate also proposes two research projects which will facilitate the application of new expertise into the examination of when and for whom specific interpersonal stressors and behaviors are associated with increased severity and frequency of addictive behaviors. In Study 1, the candidate will examine the longitudinal course of addictive behaviors by conducting a one year follow-up with a well-characterized sample of men and women. Aims of this study focus on the moderating influence of interpersonal factors with chronic stress levels, and biomarkers of altered HPA functioning, in predicting frequency and severity of addictive behaviors. In Study 2, the use of ecological momentary assessment will extend the prior studies findings to the microlevel examination of social behavior, affective response, and tobacco, alcohol, and overeating. This study will examine variability across time and context in interpersonal behaviors, affect, and addictive behaviors. These two research projects will assist in filling in specific gaps in understanding the heterogeneity of addiction course, specifically how social stress and individual differences negatively impact the course of addictive behaviors. This training and research plan will help the candidate secure future funding for this program of research and facilitate her development into an independent scientist. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: This application has significant public health relevance. These proposed research projects will examine the role of vulnerability from interpersonal behaviors and stress on the use of three addictive substances: alcohol abuse, tobacco use, and overeating, which represent the top three causes of preventable death and disease in this country and account for more than 600 billion dollars in annual healthcare expenditures. Identifying individual differences which help explain the heterogeneity in vulnerability is extremely important for understanding mechanisms associated with risk, identifying preventative approaches with certain at risk groups, and implementing treatment matching in order to promote better longitudinal outcomes.