Interpersonal Behaviors, Stress, and Addiction

人际行为、压力和成瘾

• 批准号: 8111377
• 负责人: EMILY B ANSELL
• 金额: $ 18.13万
• 依托单位: YALE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-04-15 至 2016-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8111377
• 关键词: Accounting; Addictive Behavior; Affect; Affective; Alcohol abuse; Alcohol consumption; Alcohols; Animal Model; Animals; Area; Behavior; Biological; Biological Markers; Biological Markers; Cessation of life; Chronic stress; Clinical; Consumption; Corticotropin; Country; Data Analyses; Development; Dimensions; Disease; Distress; Emotions; Enrollment; Environment; Equation; Event; Expenditure; Exposure to; Five-Year Plans; Food; Frequencies; Funding; Future; Goals; Healthcare; Heterogeneity; Human; Hydrocortisone; Hyperphagia; Individual; Individual Differences; Interdisciplinary Study; Intervention; K-Series Research Career Programs; Link; Mediation; Mental disorders; Mentors; Methodology; Methods; Modality; Modeling; National Institute of Drug Abuse; Neurobiology; Outcome; Participant; Pathway interactions; Phenotype; Predisposition; Process; Protocols documentation; Reading; Relapse; Reporting; Research; Research Project Grants; Research Training; Risk; Role; Sampling; Scientist; Secure; Self-control as a personality trait; Severities; Social Behavior; Social support; Stress; Testing; Time; Tobacco; Tobacco use; Training; Training Activity; United States National Institutes of Health; Woman; addiction; biological adaptation to stress; career; experience; follow-up; hedonic; human subject; longitudinal course; men; novel; programs; prospective; psychobiologic; public health relevance; response; social; social stress; stressor; theories; trait; two-dimensional

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The proposed Mentored Clinical Scientist Research Career Development Award details a five- year plan that will enable the candidate to develop her career as independent clinical scientist with a programmatic line of research on interpersonal traits and behaviors, psychobiological models of stress, and addictive behaviors. The candidate draws on her background in interpersonal theory and assessment and integrates training in three new areas: (1) phenomenology and assessment of addictive behaviors; (2) psychobiological models of cumulative stress become; and (3) ecological momentary assessment methodology and data analysis. Training will include coursework and directed readings and will be facilitated by a team of interdisciplinary scientists with expertise in each of these training areas. In addition to mentored training activities, the candidate also proposes two research projects which will facilitate the application of new expertise into the examination of when and for whom specific interpersonal stressors and behaviors are associated with increased severity and frequency of addictive behaviors. In Study 1, the candidate will examine the longitudinal course of addictive behaviors by conducting a one year follow-up with a well-characterized sample of men and women. Aims of this study focus on the moderating influence of interpersonal factors with chronic stress levels, and biomarkers of altered HPA functioning, in predicting frequency and severity of addictive behaviors. In Study 2, the use of ecological momentary assessment will extend the prior studies findings to the microlevel examination of social behavior, affective response, and tobacco, alcohol, and overeating. This study will examine variability across time and context in interpersonal behaviors, affect, and addictive behaviors. These two research projects will assist in filling in specific gaps in understanding the heterogeneity of addiction course, specifically how social stress and individual differences negatively impact the course of addictive behaviors. This training and research plan will help the candidate secure future funding for this program of research and facilitate her development into an independent scientist. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: This application has significant public health relevance. These proposed research projects will examine the role of vulnerability from interpersonal behaviors and stress on the use of three addictive substances: alcohol abuse, tobacco use, and overeating, which represent the top three causes of preventable death and disease in this country and account for more than 600 billion dollars in annual healthcare expenditures. Identifying individual differences which help explain the heterogeneity in vulnerability is extremely important for understanding mechanisms associated with risk, identifying preventative approaches with certain at risk groups, and implementing treatment matching in order to promote better longitudinal outcomes.

描述（由申请人提供）：拟议的指导临床科学家研究职业发展奖详细介绍了一个五年计划，该计划将使候选人能够发展她的职业生涯，成为独立的临床科学家，研究人际特征和行为，压力的心理生物学模型和成瘾行为。候选人利用她在人际关系理论和评估方面的背景，并整合了三个新领域的培训：(1)成瘾行为现象学和评估；(2)累积应激的心理生物学模型；(3)生态瞬时评价方法与数据分析。培训将包括课程作业和指导阅读，并将由具有这些培训领域专业知识的跨学科科学家团队提供便利。除了有指导的培训活动外，候选人还提出了两个研究项目，这些项目将促进新专业知识的应用，以检查特定的人际压力源和行为何时以及为谁而与成瘾行为的严重性和频率增加有关。在研究1中，候选人将通过对具有良好特征的男性和女性样本进行为期一年的随访来检查成瘾行为的纵向过程。本研究的目的是关注人际因素与慢性应激水平的调节作用，以及HPA功能改变的生物标志物，在预测成瘾行为的频率和严重程度方面的影响。在研究2中，使用生态瞬间评估将先前的研究结果扩展到社会行为，情感反应，烟草，酒精和暴饮暴食的微观检查。本研究将考察人际行为、情感和成瘾行为在时间和环境中的可变性。这两个研究项目将有助于填补理解成瘾过程异质性的具体空白，特别是社会压力和个体差异如何对成瘾行为过程产生负面影响。该培训和研究计划将帮助候选人获得该研究项目的未来资金，并促进其发展成为一名独立的科学家。