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Modeling Criminal History Effects on Women's Health

模拟犯罪史对女性健康的影响

基本信息

批准号：
8991663
负责人：
SHAWN MARIE KNEIPP
金额：
$ 22.32万
依托单位：
UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2014
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2014-08-01 至 2017-05-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8991663
关键词：
Accounting Address Adult Advocate Affect Aid to Families with Dependent Children Attention Behavioral Charge Child Communities Complex Counseling Crime Criminal Justice Data Set Disadvantaged Educational Background Eligibility Determination Employment Employment Opportunities Ensure Ethnic Origin Family Study Food Fraud General Population Goals Health Health Professional Health Services Health Status Health system Hearing Housing Imprisonment Incidence Income Individual Intervention Jail Legal Life Light Marketing Mediating Mental Depression Mental Health Methods Minority Groups Modeling Occupations Outcome Pattern Persons Pharmaceutical Preparations Policies Population Prevalence Prisons Process Public Health Publishing Race Recording of previous events Research Risk Risk Behaviors Sampling Science Secure Series Services Severities Shelter facility Social Welfare Socioeconomic Status Source Specific qualifier value Surveys System Theft Time Violence Wages Woman Women&apos s Health Work base community based participatory research convict court disease transmission health disparity high school innovation interest meetings novel payment physical conditioning programs psychological distress public health relevance simulation social social health determinants socioeconomics trafficking

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): To date, studies of the criminal justice system and health have generally focused on disease transmission and health care services among incarcerated populations; however, incarcerated individuals account for only 3.5% of the 65 million adults with a criminal conviction in the U.S. When individuals are charged or convicted of a crime, a set of legal and social collateral consequences typically follow. These consequences may include life-long restrictions in employment opportunities and public benefit eligibility, and occur regardless of criminal offense severity or whether a person was imprisoned as part of their criminal sentence. These consequences disproportionately, and more adversely, affect disadvantaged women (i.e., those who are racial/ethnic minorities, and/or poor, and/or lower-educated), who typically commit misdemeanor-level crimes (e.g., non- payment for bad checks, traffic violations), rely on public benefits and low-wage, service-sector jobs to support themselves and their children, and have extremely poor mental and physical health. A large body of findings indicate that: (1) employment has an overall positive impact on health, (2) the primary welfare program for women in the U.S. (Temporary Assistance for Needy Families, or TANF) provides critical income support and job-placement assistance, and (3) women without stable sources of income often increase their health-risk behaviors to meet their food, shelter, and other basic needs. However, no research, to our knowledge, has integrated into one empirical analysis the interrelated relationships among the criminal justice system, the welfare system, and the labor market, to evaluate how they impact health disparities. Specifically, applying a systems science dynamic modeling approach consistent with the goals of PAR-11-315, we will explore the how the inability to access TANF and/or find employment due to having a prior criminal record may contribute to the persistently poor health status of this group. The proposed study addresses this gap based on a secondary analysis of a nationally representative, 9- year longitudinal panel survey data set of 4,898 women from the Fragile Families Study. It is the first to explore whether, and how, collateral consequences operate across criminal justice, welfare, and labor market systems to influence women's health. Motived by our prior community-engaged research, we will explore whether the presence, level of severity (charge, conviction, incarceration), and type (drug-, violence-, theft/fraud-, and traffic related) of a criminal offense history affects employment patterns and health (psychological distress, depression, general health, and limited functioning) for women over time, and the extent to which TANF receipt moderates these relationships. Using the dynamic model to conduct a series of simulations, findings from this study will include projected health trajectorie for women over time based on TANF and employment policy and program change scenarios. These findings could inform public health-oriented interventions to reduce adverse health outcomes for women with a criminal offense history.

描述(申请人提供)：到目前为止，对刑事司法系统和健康的研究通常集中在被监禁人口中的疾病传播和医疗保健服务；然而，在美国6500万有刑事定罪的成年人中，被监禁个人只占3.5%。当个人被指控或定罪时，一系列法律和社会附带后果通常会随之而来。这些后果可能包括对就业机会和公共福利资格的终身限制，无论刑事犯罪的严重程度如何，或者一个人是否作为其刑事判决的一部分而被监禁，都会发生。这些后果对处境不利的妇女(即种族/族裔少数群体和/或贫穷和/或受教育程度较低的人)的影响不成比例，更不利的是，她们通常犯下轻罪罪行(例如，不支付空头支票、交通违法行为)，依靠公共福利和低工资的服务部门工作来养活自己和孩子，身心健康极其糟糕。大量的研究结果表明：(1)就业对健康有总体的积极影响，(2)美国妇女的主要福利计划(贫困家庭临时援助，简称TANF)提供关键的收入支持和就业安置援助，(3)没有稳定收入来源的妇女经常增加她们的健康风险行为，以满足她们的食物、住所和其他基本需求。然而，据我们所知，还没有研究将刑事司法系统、福利系统和劳动力市场之间的相互关联关系整合到一个实证分析中，以评估它们如何影响健康差距。具体地说，应用符合PAR-11-315目标的系统科学动态建模方法，我们将探索由于有前科记录而无法获得TANF和/或找工作如何可能导致这一群体持续较差的健康状况。这项拟议的研究基于对来自脆弱家庭研究的4898名妇女的9年纵向全国代表性小组调查数据集的二次分析，解决了这一差距。它是第一个探索附带后果是否以及如何在刑事司法、福利和劳动力市场系统中影响妇女健康的人。在我们之前的社区参与研究的激励下，我们将探索是否存在、严重程度(指控、定罪、监禁)和类型(毒品、暴力、盗窃/欺诈)和交通随着时间的推移，犯罪历史会影响女性的就业模式和健康(心理困扰、抑郁、一般健康和功能受限)，以及TANF收据在多大程度上调节了这些关系。使用动态模型进行一系列模拟，这项研究的结果将包括根据TANF以及就业政策和计划变化情景预测的女性随着时间的健康轨迹。这些发现可以为以公共卫生为导向的干预措施提供信息，以减少有犯罪历史的妇女的不良健康后果。