Cognitive Decline, Brain Aging, Physical Environment, and Mobility

项目摘要/摘要 机动性，被定义为一个人在他或她的周围有效地移动的能力，对 老年人的独立性和生活质量。尽管行动限制给这两个国家带来了沉重的负担 在个人和公共卫生系统中，促进流动性的有效战略很少。环境 因素和大脑老化都与年龄相关的活动受限有关。然而，移动性研究 通常发生在学科竖井中，因此关于大脑老化的研究很少考虑环境因素 老年人行走的背景和对环境决定因素的研究很少考虑认知 复杂的社区环境带来的挑战。该提案通过评估以下内容来解决此问题 身体环境特征和认知功能对步行行为和活动能力的交互作用 一组老年人的纵向队列中的残疾，这些老年人对涉及的系统具有最先进的特征 移动性控制。这项建议的目的是1)获得和测试新的物理测量的可靠性 使用谷歌街道档案为健康、老龄化和身体成分研究的参与者提供的环境 观察图像；2)描述物理环境、认知能力下降和行动能力之间的联系； 以及3)探索物理环境、处理速度、结构完整性之间的关系 神经回路，以及通过脑磁共振成像的亚样本中的流动性。这些目标将是 通过基于以下因素为参与者创建环境步行能力评分来实现 人行道的存在和安全。然后，这项测量将被用来测试与报告的在 过去一周，据报道行动不便，或无法行走1/4英里。步行度量衡的相互作用 将对认知能力下降的人进行评估，以确定这些认知能力下降较大的个体 在环境步行能力和机动性结果之间有更强的关联性。它的作用机制 然后，将使用特定网络完整性的神经成像测量来探索这些关联 大脑。这项研究的创新之处在于，它旨在打破学科界限，研究两个 行动能力的重要决定因素：大脑老化和物理环境。它还将 将街道规模的物理环境措施追溯到现有的社区队列中 居住着老年人。将环境措施添加到健康ABC队列将提供丰富的数据 为本提案的目标以及我们的团队和其他调查人员未来的研究提供资源。一个更伟大的 了解大脑老化和环境复杂性之间的相互作用可以为未来提供信息 干预战略，使最脆弱的人更容易获得社区环境。

Project Summary/Abstract Mobility, defined as an individual’s ability to move about effectively in his or her surroundings, is vital for the independence and quality of life of older adults. Despite the severe burden of mobility limitations on both the individual and the public health system, effective strategies to promote mobility are sparse. Environmental factors and brain aging are both associated with age-related mobility limitations. However, mobility research often occurs in disciplinary silos, such that research on brain aging rarely accounts for the environmental context in which seniors walk and research on environmental determinants rarely considers the cognitive challenges that complex community environments pose. This proposal addresses this issue by assessing interactions of physical environment characteristics and cognitive function on walking behavior and mobility disability in a longitudinal cohort of older adults with state-of-the art characterization of the systems involved in mobility control. The aims of this proposal are to 1) obtain and test reliability of new measures of the physical environment for participants in the Health, Aging, and Body Composition study using archived Google Street View images; 2) characterize the associations between physical environment, cognitive decline, and mobility; and 3) explore the associations between physical environment, speed of processing, structural integrity of the neural circuitry, and mobility in a subsample with brain magnetic resonance imaging. These aims will be accomplished by creating an environmental walkability score for participants based on factors such as sidewalk presence and safety. This measure will then be used to test associations with reported walking in the past week and reported mobility disability, or the inability to walk ¼ mile. Interactions of the walkability measure with cognitive decline will be assessed to determine whether those individuals with greater cognitive decline have stronger associations between environmental walkability and mobility outcomes. The mechanisms of these associations will then be explored using neuroimaging measures of the integrity of specific networks in the brain. This research is innovative in that it aims to break down disciplinary boundaries for the study of two important determinants of mobility performance: brain aging and the physical environment. It will also retrospectively incorporate measures of street-scale physical environment into an existing cohort of community dwelling older adults. The addition of environmental measures to the Health ABC cohort will provide a rich data resource for the aims of this proposal and for future studies by our team and other investigators. A greater understanding of the interactions between brain aging and environmental complexities could inform future intervention strategies to make community environments more accessible to the most vulnerable.