Cognitive Decline, Brain Aging, Physical Environment, and Mobility

认知能力下降、大脑老化、物理环境和行动能力

• 批准号: 9360533
• 负责人: Andrea L Rosso
• 金额: $ 18.11万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-09-30 至 2019-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9360533
• 关键词: Address; Age-associated memory impairment; Aging; Americas; Anisotropy; Archives; Behavior; Body Composition; Brain; Characteristics; Clinical Research; Cognitive; Communities; Complex; Data; Digit structure; Elderly; Environment; Environmental Risk Factor; Future; Gerontology; Health; Health system; Healthcare; Home environment; Image; Impaired cognition; Individual; Intervention; Longitudinal cohort; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Measures; Modeling; Neuraxis; Outcome; Parietal; Participant; Performance; Persons; Physical environment; Population; Prevention strategy; Preventive Intervention; Public Health; Quality of life; Recommendation; Reporting; Research; Research Personnel; Risk; Role; Safety; Series; Societies; Solid; System; Testing; Time; United States National Institutes of Health; Visit; Walking; age related; aging brain; base; behavioral outcome; body system; cognitive function; cohort; cost; data resource; disability; gray matter; image archival system; innovation; mental state; motor control; neural circuit; neuroimaging; processing speed; secondary outcome; symposium; virtual; walkability; white matter

Project Summary/Abstract Mobility, defined as an individual’s ability to move about effectively in his or her surroundings, is vital for the independence and quality of life of older adults. Despite the severe burden of mobility limitations on both the individual and the public health system, effective strategies to promote mobility are sparse. Environmental factors and brain aging are both associated with age-related mobility limitations. However, mobility research often occurs in disciplinary silos, such that research on brain aging rarely accounts for the environmental context in which seniors walk and research on environmental determinants rarely considers the cognitive challenges that complex community environments pose. This proposal addresses this issue by assessing interactions of physical environment characteristics and cognitive function on walking behavior and mobility disability in a longitudinal cohort of older adults with state-of-the art characterization of the systems involved in mobility control. The aims of this proposal are to 1) obtain and test reliability of new measures of the physical environment for participants in the Health, Aging, and Body Composition study using archived Google Street View images; 2) characterize the associations between physical environment, cognitive decline, and mobility; and 3) explore the associations between physical environment, speed of processing, structural integrity of the neural circuitry, and mobility in a subsample with brain magnetic resonance imaging. These aims will be accomplished by creating an environmental walkability score for participants based on factors such as sidewalk presence and safety. This measure will then be used to test associations with reported walking in the past week and reported mobility disability, or the inability to walk ¼ mile. Interactions of the walkability measure with cognitive decline will be assessed to determine whether those individuals with greater cognitive decline have stronger associations between environmental walkability and mobility outcomes. The mechanisms of these associations will then be explored using neuroimaging measures of the integrity of specific networks in the brain. This research is innovative in that it aims to break down disciplinary boundaries for the study of two important determinants of mobility performance: brain aging and the physical environment. It will also retrospectively incorporate measures of street-scale physical environment into an existing cohort of community dwelling older adults. The addition of environmental measures to the Health ABC cohort will provide a rich data resource for the aims of this proposal and for future studies by our team and other investigators. A greater understanding of the interactions between brain aging and environmental complexities could inform future intervention strategies to make community environments more accessible to the most vulnerable.

项目总结/摘要 流动性，定义为一个人的能力，有效地走动，在他或她的环境，是至关重要的， 老年人的独立性和生活质量。尽管流动性限制对双方都造成了严重的负担， 在个人和公共卫生系统中，促进流动性的有效战略很少。环境 因素和大脑老化都与年龄相关的活动限制有关。然而，流动性研究 经常发生在学科筒仓，这样的研究大脑老化很少占环境 老年人行走的环境和环境决定因素的研究很少考虑认知因素， 复杂的社区环境带来的挑战。该提案通过评估来解决这一问题 物理环境特征和认知功能对步行行为和移动性的交互作用 老年人纵向队列中的残疾，以及所涉及系统的最新特征， 流动性控制。该提案的目的是：1）获得和测试物理的新措施的可靠性， 使用存档的Google Street为健康、衰老和身体成分研究的参与者提供环境 查看图像; 2）描述物理环境，认知能力下降和移动性之间的关联; 以及3）探索物理环境，加工速度，结构完整性之间的关联 神经回路，和流动性在一个子样本与脑磁共振成像。这些目标将是 通过根据以下因素为参与者创建环境步行能力评分来完成， 人行道的存在和安全。然后，这项措施将用于测试与报告的步行的关联， 过去一周，并报告行动不便，或无法行走1/4英里。步行性测量的相互作用 将对认知能力下降的患者进行评估，以确定那些认知能力下降更严重的患者是否 在环境步行性和移动性结果之间有更强的关联。的机制 然后将使用神经影像学方法对特定网络的完整性进行研究， 大脑本研究的创新之处在于，它旨在打破学科界限，研究两个 行动能力的重要决定因素：大脑老化和物理环境。它还将 回顾性地将街道规模的物理环境措施纳入现有的社区队列 居住的老年人。在健康ABC队列中增加环境措施将提供丰富的数据 资源的目的，这一建议，并为未来的研究，我们的团队和其他研究人员。更大 了解大脑老化和环境复杂性之间的相互作用可以为未来提供信息。 采取干预战略，使社区环境更便于最弱势群体使用。