Plasticity of adult primate visual cortex

点击翻译按钮获取中文摘要

Over thirty different areas, comprising nearly half the primate cerebral cortex, are involved in processing visual information. From the anatomical viewpoint, each of these areas should be capable of receiving visual information independently, through parallel anatomical channels involving the brainstem. Yet, it has been observed that lesion of one particular area (the primary visual area, V1) results in loss of vision. This raises several questions. What type of visual information is carried by the parallel pathways to the other visual areas? Why aren t these other areas capable of sustaining vision without V1? Do V1 lesions trigger changes in the adult brain, which affect the other visual areas? As a step towards answering these questions, we will study the neural pathways that convey visual information directly to the middle temporal area (MT). MT is one of the best-characterised visual areas, and the anatomy of its neural inputs is well known, facilitating the interpretation of the results. We will investigate the type of visual information being sent to MT after lesions of V1, as well as the changes in the electrical responses of MT cells which result from this type of condition. This is a basic science study, the primary benefit of which will be advancement of knowledge on the mechanisms that underlie visual processing in normal and pathological situations. However, this type of work may also lay the groundwork for developments in areas of applied research. These may include medicine (e.g. the design of better rehabilitation strategies for people with brain damage), robotics- artificial intelligence (e.g. the development of more robust artificial systems capable of vision), and cognitive sciences (e.g. a better understanding of factors that limit human responses to visual stimuli).