Randomised controlled trials of prophylactic hypothermia to improve outcomes for patients with severe traumatic brain injury, and of optimised patient blood transfusion in critically ill patients.

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First, a large multicentre trial (POLAR) will complement my previous successful trials in traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients and will establish whether active therapeutic cooling, commenced early after brain injury and continued in intensive care units, will achieve its promise of improving patient outcomes. Second, a national multicentre trial (TRANSFUSE) will establish whether transfusing blood units with a shorter than usual storage time will improve patient outcomes.