Generation and spectroscopic investigations of molecular nanoparticles, aerosols and clusters

对直径从亚纳米到微米的分子纳米颗粒、气溶胶和团簇的兴趣迅速增长，这是因为它们在许多不同领域的相关性越来越大。成分变化很大的分子粒子在大气过程中作为气溶胶或作为星际尘埃中的反应场所发挥着重要作用。为了了解它们对相应过程的影响并控制它们的形成，了解这些颗粒的化学组成、尺寸、反应性和形成过程至关重要。这些知识开辟了其他应用领域，例如药剂纳米颗粒，这是医疗应用中有吸引力的药物输送系统。本文的主要目标是制备用于受控药物递送的包封或包衣药物颗粒。我们研究的主要目标是控制这种复杂分子系统的生成和详细表征。这包括许多不同颗粒生成方法的设置和优化，使我们能够研究各种物质的颗粒。对于分子粒子的表征，光谱方法是至关重要的，例如，因为它们是灵敏的，并且可以在广泛的不同条件下使用。为了解释这一点，我们将采用和新开发相应的光谱工具，从红外线到极紫外线范围内工作，并专门为研究颗粒系统而量身定制。有了这个，我们计划建立相应的参考数据库，例如在过程控制和大气气溶胶的调查中具有实际意义。通过将我们的实验与详细的计算机建模相结合，我们的最终目标是解开这些弱束缚粒子光谱中发现的特征图案的微观起源。只有这样一个基本的理解将使这一研究领域向前发展，并与它相应的应用。

The rapidly growing interest in molecular nanoparticles, aerosols, and clusters with diameters ranging from subnanometers to microns arises from their increasing relevance in many different fields. Molecular particles of widely varying composition play an important role as aerosols in atmospheric processes or as reactive sites in interstellar dust. To understand their influence on corresponding processes and to control their formation it is crucial to know the chemical composition, the size, the reactivity, and the formation processes of these particles. This knowledge opens up other fields of application such as nanoparticles of pharmaceutical agents which are attractive drug delivery systems for medical applications. The major goal here is the preparation of encapsulated or coated drug particles for the controlled drug delivery. The key objective of our research is the controlled generation and detailed characterization of such complex molecular systems. This comprises the setup and optimization of many different particle generation methods which allow us to investigate particles of a variety of substances. For the characterization of molecular particles spectroscopic methods are of paramount importance for instance because they are sensitive and can be used under a wide range of different conditions. To account for this we will employ and newly develop corresponding spectroscopic tools which work from the infrared to the extreme ultraviolet ranges and which are specifically tailored to study particulate systems. With this we plan to set up corresponding reference databases which are of practical importance for instance in the process control and for the investigation of atmospheric aerosols. By combining our experiments with detailed computer modelling we ultimately aim to unravel the microscopic origin of the characteristic patterns found in the spectra of these weakly bound particles. Only such a fundamental understanding will bring this research field forward and with it corresponding applications.