Out of equilibrum and disordered strongly interacting many particle systems

不平衡且无序的强相互作用的许多粒子系统

• 批准号: 327008-2006
• 负责人: Kennett, Malcolm
• 金额: $ 2.58万
• 依托单位: Simon Fraser University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2006-01-01 至 2007-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=336568
• 关键词: Out; equilibrum; disordered; strongly; interacting

As technology shrinks towards the nanoscale, intrinsic disorder in devices and the interactions between a device and its environment become increasingly important.  In particular, a device may not be in thermal equilibrium with its environment.  My research is focused on extending understanding of, and intuition for, out-of-equilibrium and disordered systems.  A comprehensive physical understanding of such systems requires the development of new concepts and theoretical methods.  To work towards this, I will study three out-of-equilibrium and disordered systems, with a short-term goal of obtaining detailed comparisons with current and future experiments.  In the long-term, my goal is to find more general principles, applicable to a wider class of systems.  The three systems I intend to study are: ultra-cold atomic gases; glassiness; and transport in two-dimensional electron systems.  Ultra-cold atomic gases can be cooled to form a new phase of matter, a Bose-Einstein condensate, at nanokelvins above absolute zero.  Recent experiments have shown that condensates are often not at equilibrium.  I intend to develop qualitative and quantitative descriptions of these experiments, which will have implications beyond ultra-cold atoms, as these systems are an ideal test-bed for the properties of interacting quantum systems.  Glassiness presents a complex theoretical problem as it involves the co-operative relaxation of very large numbers of microscopic units.  My experience in introducing a new theoretical description for local fluctuations in spin glasses will allow me to bring a new perspective to this old problem and to help to clarify the relationship between local and macroscopic dynamics in glassy systems.  Structures involving electrons confined to a two-dimensional layer are found to exhibit exotic phenomena in magnetic fields that often rely on disorder for their observation.  I will calculate quantities that can be compared with experiment to reveal the nature of excitations in these novel states.  The results of the research in this proposal will   be of great interest to the specific areas they are focused on, and provide progress towards a deeper understanding of out-of-equilibrium and disordered systems.

随着技术向纳米尺度收缩，设备中的内在无序以及设备与其环境之间的相互作用变得越来越重要。特别是，设备可能与其环境不处于热平衡状态。我的研究重点是扩展对以下方面的理解和直觉：在...之外平衡和无序系统。对这些系统的全面物理理解需要发展新的概念和理论方法。为此，我将研究三个非平衡和无序系统，短期目标是与当前和未来的实验进行详细的比较，长期目标是找到更普遍的原理，适用于更广泛的系统。和二维电子系统中的输运。超冷的原子气体可以被冷却，形成一种新的物质相，即玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚，最近的实验表明，冷凝物往往不处于平衡状态。我打算发展定性和这些实验的定量描述，其影响将超越超冷原子，因为这些系统是相互作用量子系统性质的理想测试平台。玻璃化提出了一个复杂的理论问题，因为它涉及到共同的，我在介绍自旋玻璃中局域涨落的新理论描述方面的经验将使我能够带来这一问题的一个新的视角，并有助于澄清玻璃体系中的局部和宏观动力学之间的关系。三维层被发现在磁场中表现出奇异的现象，这些现象通常依赖于无序来观察。我将计算可以与实验进行比较的数量，以揭示这些新状态中激发的性质。本提案的研究结果将 对他们所关注的具体领域具有极大的兴趣，并在更深入地了解失衡和无序系统方面取得进展。