Out of equilibrum and disordered strongly interacting many particle systems

不平衡且无序的强相互作用的许多粒子系统

• 批准号: 327008-2006
• 负责人: Kennett, Malcolm
• 金额: $ 2.58万
• 依托单位: Simon Fraser University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2008-01-01 至 2009-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=397528
• 关键词: Out; equilibrum; disordered; strongly; interacting

As technology shrinks towards the nanoscale, intrinsic disorder in devices and the interactions between a device and its environment become increasingly important.  In particular, a device may not be in thermal equilibrium with its environment.  My research is focused on extending understanding of, and intuition for, out-of-equilibrium and disordered systems.  A comprehensive physical understanding of such systems requires the development of new concepts and theoretical methods.  To work towards this, I will study three out-of-equilibrium and disordered systems, with a short-term goal of obtaining detailed comparisons with current and future experiments.  In the long-term, my goal is to find more general principles, applicable to a wider class of systems.  The three systems I intend to study are: ultra-cold atomic gases; glassiness; and transport in two-dimensional electron systems.  Ultra-cold atomic gases can be cooled to form a new phase of matter, a Bose-Einstein condensate, at nanokelvins above absolute zero.  Recent experiments have shown that condensates are often not at equilibrium.  I intend to develop qualitative and quantitative descriptions of these experiments, which will have implications beyond ultra-cold atoms, as these systems are an ideal test-bed for the properties of interacting quantum systems.  Glassiness presents a complex theoretical problem as it involves the co-operative relaxation of very large numbers of microscopic units.  My experience in introducing a new theoretical description for local fluctuations in spin glasses will allow me to bring a new perspective to this old problem and to help to clarify the relationship between local and macroscopic dynamics in glassy systems.  Structures involving electrons confined to a two-dimensional layer are found to exhibit exotic phenomena in magnetic fields that often rely on disorder for their observation.  I will calculate quantities that can be compared with experiment to reveal the nature of excitations in these novel states.  The results of the research in this proposal will   be of great interest to the specific areas they are focused on, and provide progress towards a deeper understanding of out-of-equilibrium and disordered systems.

随着技术向纳米尺度缩小，设备的内在无序以及设备与其环境之间的相互作用变得越来越重要。  特别是，设备可能与其环境不处于热平衡。  我的研究重点是扩展对非平衡和无序系统的理解和直觉。  对此类系统的全面物理理解需要发展新的概念和理论方法。  为此，我将研究三个非平衡和无序系统，短期目标是与当前和未来的实验进行详细比较。  从长远来看，我的目标是找到更通用的原则，适用于更广泛的系统。  我打算研究的三个系统是：超冷原子气体；玻璃质；和二维电子系统中的传输。  超冷原子气体可以被冷却以形成新的物质相，即玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚态，其纳开尔文温度高于绝对零。  最近的实验表明，冷凝物通常不处于平衡状态。  我打算对这些实验进行定性和定量描述，这将产生超冷原子之外的影响，因为这些系统是相互作用的量子系统特性的理想试验台。  玻璃性提出了一个复杂的理论问题，因为它涉及大量微观单元的协同弛豫。  我对自旋玻璃局部涨落引入新的理论描述的经验将使我能够为这个老问题带来新的视角，并有助于阐明玻璃系统中局部和宏观动力学之间的关系。  人们发现，涉及仅限于二维层的电子的结构在磁场中表现出奇异的现象，而这些现象通常依赖于无序性进行观察。  我将计算可以与实验进行比较的数量，以揭示这些新状态下激发的本质。  该提案中的研究结果将引起他们所关注的特定领域的极大兴趣，并为更深入地理解非平衡和无序系统提供进展。